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german history > political specific facts 1871-1914 POLITICAL OPPOSITION > Flashcards

political specific facts 1871-1914 POLITICAL OPPOSITION Flashcards

1
Q

how old was Wilhelm when he became the Kaiser in 1890?

A

27

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2
Q

what happened in 1908 to General Hulsen?

A

he was made to wear a tutu for a post dinner ballet performance but collapsed and died mid dance

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3
Q

what was involved in the ‘new course’ that Caprivi set out?

A

-end to Anti-Socialist Laws
-reduction in tariffs
-more influence in policy makers for ministers
-recognition of trade unions

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4
Q

what years was Caprivi chancellor for?

A

1890-1894

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5
Q

what did Caprivi say when he resigned?

A

‘you cannot imagine how relieved I was to get out of here’

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6
Q

how old was Holenlohe when he became chancellor in 1894?

A

75

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7
Q

how did the Kaiser describe Holenhole?

A

his ‘straw doll’

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8
Q

what years was Hohenlohe chancellor for?

A

1894-1900

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9
Q

what political party’s offices in Berlin raided and leaders put on trial? (under Hohenlohe)

A

SPD

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10
Q

what year did the Kaiser become very interested in Weltpolitik?

A

1897

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11
Q

what African country did Germany claim?

A

Namibia

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12
Q

what did the Kaiser say about ‘Weltpolitik’

A

he wanted his own ‘place under the sun’

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13
Q

what brutal regimes did the Kaiser’s weltpolitik lead to?

A

-Herero Uprising 1904
-Maji Maji Rebellion 1907
-First and Second Moroccan Crisis

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14
Q

when did Hohenlohe resign and why?

A

1900 following dispute over colonial policy

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15
Q

what was Bulow’s nickname?

A

‘the eel’

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16
Q

what did Bulow abandon?

A

aggressively anti socialist laws of Sammlungspolitik

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17
Q

what social reforms did Bulow introduce?

A
  • extension of accident insurance, 1900
    -law making industrial courts compulsory in all large towns, 1901
    -extensions of the prohibition of child labour in 1903
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18
Q

which parties made up the Bulow bloc?

A

Conservatives, Agragarian League, Liberals

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19
Q

what did National Debt do between 1900-1908?

A

double

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20
Q

why was the Bulow bloc formed?

A

to avoid reliance on the Zentrum party

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21
Q

what year was the Euelenburg Affair?

A

1906

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22
Q

what was the Eulenburg Affair?

A

Journalist Maximillian Harden published articles exposing high ranking homosexuals in the army with similar accusation against Wilhelm’s close friend Prince Eulenburg

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23
Q

what were the consequences of the Eulenburg Affair?

A
  • damaged Bulow as he too was homosexual
  • damaged Wilhelm’s reputation at home and abroad
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24
Q

what years was Bulow chancellor for?

A

1900-1909

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25
what years was Bethmann Hollweg chancellor for?
1909-1917
26
what did Bethmann have a tough task doing?
fixing the budget deficit with demands of military expenditure and constant demands of left wing
27
what year was the Zabern affair?
1913
28
what happened in the Zabern affair?
In December 1913 there were reports that citizens of Zabern (Alsace) were treated harshly by the army after protesting against army behavior. Wilhelm was seemingly accepting of these actions and suggested he thought the military could do as it pleased with no regards for the rule of law
29
what were the numbers for Bethmann's vote of no confidence?
293 to 54
30
did Bethman leave after his vote of no confidence?
no, the Kaiser kept him in office
31
where did the 1871 constitution place the final authority?
the Kaiser
32
what happened when a chancellor lost the Kaiser's confidence?
they would be removed from office
33
what was the camarillo?
a political circle of aristocrats
34
who was at the centre of the camrallio?
Eulenburg
35
who was von Holstein?
a strong right-wing nationalist who took control of foreign affairs from 1890
36
who was Holonhole?
a Bavarian aristocrat. He was a Catholic but disliked the Zentrum
37
what did Wilhelm's court circle believe about Weltpolitik?
had the power to unite people of different backround and origins and so overcome the difficulties that government was facing in the Reichstag
38
what was the alliance of steel and rye?
fostered nationalist sympathies in direct opposition to socialism and the demands of the working class
39
what were the Pan-German League's aims? set up in 1891
-to unite ethnic Germans around the world - to acquire colonies -to suppress socialism and democracy
40
what were the Navy League's aims?
-to promote naval expansion -to develop popular support for the navy - to put pressure on the Reichstag to pass naval bills - to promote the growth of colonies
41
who deliberately encouraged the Navy League
the Kaiser, so he could win support for naval bills
42
what has the 1890s been described as?
the period of the 'masses' because people truly began to have their voices heart in politics
43
who was Caprivi?
served in the wars of German unification and was chief of the Imperial Admiralty from 1883 until 1888. he was an intelligent man and held mildly progressive views. however, during his time as chancellor he found it hard to control the Reichstag.
44
how many German states made up the 'Holy Roman Empire'
over 300
45
what % of the population did Prussia make up?
60%
46
strengths of the 1871 constitution:
- article 3 considered every voter equal - article 20 men over 25 years old elected by a secret ballot - article 16 bills laid before the Reichstag in accordance with the Bundesrat in accordance with Bundesrat in the name of the empire
47
weaknesses of the 1871 constitution?
- article 11 controlled foreign policy, including the right to make treaties and declare war - in the Bundesrat, constitution could be altered with a majority of 14 votes (Prussia had 17 members)
48
how old was Wilhlem I when he became Emperor and when he died?
74 91 when he died in 1888
49
what was established in 1876
the Reichsbank- controlled the Mark which was stable since it was backed by gold
50
National Liberal leader, Rudolf van Bennigsen, produced over 100 new laws to draw economic and administrative unity to the new state:
- single system of weights and measures - national postal and telegraph system - national postal and telegraph system - national penal code - single court system with a central supreme court - support for the extension of the railway across the whole empire
51
reasons for the Kulturkampf:
- strong in southern states and Rhineland - financially independent, controlled some education and had its own political party - bismarck thought attacking Catholics would further unify Germany and gain support from Protestants - 1864 Syllabus of Errors the Pope declared that the Catholic Church would oppose liberalism 1870 Pope proclaimed Doctrine of Papal Infallibility
52
events of the Kulturkampf
- 1871 Zentrum portrayed as home of Bismarck's enemies in a press campaign - removal of Catholic section of Prussian ministry - clergy forbidden to mention politics whilst preaching - May 1872 diplomatic relations with Vatican cut off - Jesuits banned from preaching and entering Prussian schools
53
reasons for ending of Kulturkampf
- Bismarck wanted to ally closer with Catholic Austria and feared anti-Catholic laws would stand in his way - Bismarck wanted to end free trade - Loosing support of natural allies - Bismarck was beginning to be more concerned by socialism than Catholicism - only 30 out of 10,000 Prussian Catholics submitted to the legislation
54
why did Bismarck believe in free trade?
- a threat to agricultural income would undermine the economic position of the Junker aristocracy - Germany should not be dependent on foreign imports in case of war - tariffs could give revenue to the government - help combat socialism - fight back against Russian disputes in the Balklands
55
when was the SPD created?
1875
56
when were the anti-socialist laws passed?
October 1878
57
what was banned because of the anti-socialist laws?
- socialist organisation such as trade unions - socialist meetings - socialist publications
58
results of the anti-socialist laws (negative):
- 15000 socialist activists were imprisoned - SPD struggled to find candidates for 1881 elections - increased police powers - socialist publications were forbidden
59
results of Anti-Socialist laws (positive):
- 1870-1890 number of seats held by SPD went from 9 to 35 - 1890 party membership was at 1.5 million - introduction of state socialism
60
why did Bismarck grant a 'democratic' state?
he saw it as a way of gaining loyalty from conservative German peasants
61
1870-1878 national liberals
Junkers felt this was an unnatural alliance as they were jealous of the growing power of merchants, businessmen and factory owners Clashes over the Press Law, military budget, economic protection and measures to curb socialism ended this alliance
62
1878-1879
Bismarck aligned more with the Zentrum, playing into fears of socialism

german history (8 decks)

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