economic specific facts 1871-1914 Flashcards
what did Bismarck say about free trade?
‘those countries with free trade are deteriorating’
what % of GNP represented industry before the 1880s?
30-35%
what % of the GNP represented industry in 1914?
45%
what did the output of coal from the Ruhr rise to from 1850-1880?
2 million tonnes to 22 million tonnes in 1880
what % did the steel production increase by from 1871-1890?
700%
what did the railway network do from the years 1871-1890?
double in size
what were some of the physical geographical advantages of Germany?
-navigable rivers
-flat northern plains (allowing for railway building)
what were some of the reasons for Germany’s economic growth?
-growth of German population
-availability of raw materials from the Ruhr
-physical geography advantages
-successful education system
-German banking system
-development of large businesses
-cartels
-supportive government
by 1913 Germany controlled what % of world electrical trade?
50%
what is the evidence for decline of agriculture in this time period?
-prices fell overall
-bad harvests in the 1870s led to cheap grain from the USA being imported
-building of new railways exposed farmers to new competition from recently isolated areas
-peasants migrated to urban areas
-pop employed in agri decreased
-share of agriculture making up GNP fell from 35% to 25%
what is evidence against the decline in agriculture?
-4million acres of land brought under cultivation between the years 1880-1900
-farm machinery became cheaper
where did 60% of German exports go to?
Britain, France and Germany
1890-1914 Germany’s industrial production ….. ?
tripled
how much exports were Germany selling by 1913?
£495 million
by 1914 Germany controlled how much of the world’s chemical trade?
90%
