POLITICAL SCIENCE Flashcards
1
Q
This focuses on the state and government, its organization, functions, and development.
A
Political Science
2
Q
Field of Study of Political Science
A
- Political Theory
- Public Law
- Public Administrative
3
Q
- It is about the study of political views and thoughts or doctrine relating to state. It includes the ethical and moral standard for government.
A
Political Theory
4
Q
- It is the study of governments power, duties, its organization, and the limits of its authority in the relation to individual rights.
A
Public Law
5
Q
The 3 Laws under Public Law
A
Constitution Law - postulates the supremacy of law in the functioning of the state – the rule of law.
Administrative Law - enforced by the executive branch of a government rather than the judicial or legislative branches.
International Law - set of rules, norms, and standards generally recognized as binding between states.
6
Q
- It deals with study of the methods and techniques in the management of the state affairs by three branches of government.
A
Public Administrative
7
Q
A community of persons, more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite territory, under an organized government to which they render habitual obedience and enjoying freedom from foreign control.
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State
8
Q
The 4 Elements of the State
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- People
- Territory
- Government
- Sovereignty
9
Q
- This refers to the inhabitant or the population of the state that comprises its citizens. Citizens are the persons who enjoy protection of the state and have the right to participate in its political affairs.
A
People
10
Q
- This is definite geographic area occupied by the people. The territory of a state must be definite so as to properly ascertained its jurisdiction.
A
Territory
11
Q
4 Territories of the State
A
Terrestrial - the landmass
Maritime - the territorial waters composed of inland waters (rivers and lakes) and external waters (seas and ocean)
Fluvial - the land beneath the external territorial waters (sea floor, continental shelves, and other marine areas beneath the waters)
Aerial - the air space above the land and the maritime territory
12
Q
- This refers to the body of people and different agencies that make and enforce the laws. It is the apparatus of the state that manages its affairs and carry out the will of the people.
A
Government
13
Q
The supreme power of the state to rule over its citizen within its territory and be free from control of foreign state.
A
Sovereignty
14
Q
Sovereignty came from the old French “soverain” which means?
A
to rule over
15
Q
Two Concepts of Sovereignty
A
- Internal Sovereignty
- External Sovereignty
16
Q
The power of the state which establishes its supremacy over all individuals and associations within the territory under its control.
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Internal Sovereignty
17
Q
Means that the state is independent from the control or interference of any other state. A state can establish relations with other states according to its own will. No other external authority or state can interfere in it.
A
External Sovereignty
18
Q
Characteristics of Sovereignty
A
- It is permanent
- It is exclusive
- It comprehensive
19
Q
State cannot exist without?
A
government
20
Q
Government is only an element of what?
A
state
21
Q
State is an abstraction while government has a _____ form.
A
concrete
22
Q
This is the formal association of the people in a political community bound by common goals.
A
Sovereignty
23
Q
This is the body of people or agency that expresses and carries out the goals of the state.
A
Government
24
Q
This is the body of people or agency that expresses and carries out the goals of the state.
A
Government
25
Being a member of a state is _____ while being a member of a government is _____.
state - automatic
government - optional
26
The 3 Classifications of Government according to Aristotle
Monarchy
Aristocracy
Polity
27
How many person rules the monarchy?
one
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How many person rules the aristocracy?
few
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How many person rules the polity?
many
30
This is the opposite of monarchy, which is rules by an unjust and despotic leader,
Tyranny
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This is the opposite of aristocracy, which is ruled by the few who are rich and privileged class who thinks only of their interest.
Oligarchy
32
This is the opposite of polity, which is ruled of many that may be corrupted and disorganized, dividing intoobe different factors to the detriment of the others.
Democracy
33
The Greek word "monos" means?
one
34
The Greek word "aristos" means?
best
35
The Greek word "polites" means?
citizens
36
Government power are vested in one virtuous and just person.
Monarchy
37
The rule of most virtuous intelligent and enlightened few members of the elite class of society.
Aristocracy
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The people are given the right to participate in selecting their leaders, in making law, and the decision making of the government.
Polity
39
The 6 Modern Classification of Forms of Government
Monarchy
Democracy
Unitary Government
Federal Government
Presidential Government
Parliamentary Government
40
Monarchy is ruled by one person, usually called the?
Monarch - could be king/queen or empress/emperor
41
Monarchy is ruled by one person, usually called the?
Monarch - could be king/queen or empress/emperor
42
Two Kinds of Monarchy
Absolute Monarchy - holds absolute/total powers
Constitutional Monarchy - monarch's power is limited by a constitution (they rule in accordance with the law)
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This kind of monarchy is where the power of the monarch is limited by a constitution. They rule in accordance with the law.
Constitutional Monarchy
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This kind of monarchy is where the monarch holds absolute or total powers.
Absolute Monarchy
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This is ruled by the people, which ultimate power of the government is vested in the people.
Democracy
46
Two Kinds of Democracy
Direct Democracy - people directly take part in the decision-making process of the government
Representative or Republican Democracy - people elect their representative that who will exercise the sovereign power of the state
47
This kind of democracy is where the people directly take part in the decision-making process of the government.
Direct Democracy
48
This kind of democracy is where people elect their representative that who will exercise the sovereign power of the state.
Representative or Republican Democracy
49
It is centralization of government powers in the national government and the authority of the national government is supreme over local government.
Unitary Government
50
Strengths of Unitary Government
o There is uniformity of legislation and the administration of government
o There is efficiency and effectiveness in the execution of national policies
o There is less expense in the operation of the government
o There is enhancement of national unity with respect to religion, language, and culture
51
Weaknesses of Unitary Government
o It stifles the initiatives of local government to formulate its own program of development
o An over-centralized powers of government in the national government tends to make it autocratic
o Government imposed programs for local affairs may fail
o The national government is inclined to disregard the local affairs
52
This form divided the powers of the government between the national government and the different local government.
Federal Government
53
Strengths of Federal Government
o There is independence of local governments to initiate programs and laws within their jurisdictions authority that will answer their particular need
o The people in a federal system are more interested to participate in public affairs
o The national government is relieved of the burdens and congestion in attending to various local problems.
o A federal system is more applicable in a state of vast area and different ethnic groups
54
Weaknesses of Federal Government
o The lack of uniform legislation among local government makes administration of federal affairs difficult
o It creates a complex political organization where there is duplicity of legislation and administration that entails heavy expenditures
o Confusion and delay is likely to happen when certain government problem borders between federal and local authority
55
It is form of government in which chief executive (President) us constitutionally independent of the legislature with respect to his tenure, acts, and powers.
Presidential Government
56
The 3 Branches of Government
Legislative
Executive
Judiciary
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The power of Legislative Branch is to make _____
laws
+ law enacting branch
58
The power of Executive Branch is to _____
implement the law
+ law implementing branch
59
The power of Judiciary Branch is to ____
interpret the law
+ law interpreting branch
60
The National Level of Legislative consists of?
Members of Congress
61
The Local Level of Legislative consists of?
Members of Sangguniang Panlalawigan/Pambayan
62
The National Level of Executive consists of?
President with members of the Cabinet
63
The Local Level of Executive consists of?
Governor or Mayor
64
The National Level of Judiciary consists of?
Supreme Court
65
The Local Level of Judiciary consists of?
Inferior Courts
66
The form of government in which the leader of the government is part of legislature.
Parliamentary Government
67
The leader of a parliamentary government is called?
Prime Minister
68
What is the election process of a parliamentary government?
Citizens will elect their representatives for the Legislature. The Legislature will then vote who will become the Prime Minister.
68
What is the election process of a parliamentary government?
Citizens will elect their representatives for the Legislature. The Legislature will then vote who will become the Prime Minister.
69
Difference Between Parliamentary and Presidential Forms of Government Based on Separation of Powers.
Parliament Form - not followed strictly - there is concentration and fusion of powers between the Legislative and the Executive
Presidential Form - strictly followed - powers of the 3 branches are divided and works separately
70
Difference Between Parliamentary and Presidential Forms of Government Based on Autocracy.
Parliament Form - less autocratic - immense power is not given to only one person
Presidential Form - more autocratic - immense power is concentrated in the hands of the President
71
Basic Duties of Government
1. Insure domestic peace and order
2. Establish the defense of the state and preservation of independence
3. Promote physical, social, and economic well-being of the people
4. Promotion of general welfare, public safety, and public morality
5. Secure economic development
71
Basic Duties of Government
1. Insure domestic peace and order
2. Establish the defense of the state and preservation of independence
3. Promote physical, social, and economic well-being of the people
4. Promotion of general welfare, public safety, and public morality
5. Secure economic development
72
These are compulsory and inherent to a state as attributes of sovereignty.
Constituent Functions
73
These functions are undertaken to advance the general interest of society and are voluntary or optional on the government.
Ministrant Functions
74
Approaches in Promoting the General Welfare
1. Laissez Faire Approach
2. Socialist Approach
3. Welfare State Approach
75
- Means "let alone"
- Government is viewed as an economy of human liberty in term of economy
- Thomas Jefferson says “the Government is the best which governs least
Laissez Fair Approach
76
- Government plays a big role in the economy, government, not private individuals, or corporation owns major strategic means of production
- Government determines what, how, and for whom to produce and distribute government services equitably for its citizens
- Private ownership of business and industries should be limited
Socialist Approach
77
- A combination of Laissez Faire and Socialist approach
- The government establishes basic rules for economic order and act to eliminate abuses by private individuals or corporation
- Provides social security to its citizens, workers compensation financial assistance to unemployed, aid to dependent children and other social welfare programs to the needy and under privileged
Welfare State Approach
78
This is the set of rules, principles and customs that establish the limit, and distribute the fundamental power of government and define its relations with the citizens.
Constitution
79
This also provides symbolic statements of people’s collective ideals and their unity, the legitimacy of government and outlines a structure of government.
Constitution
80
Kinds of Constitution
Written - contained or codified in a single document
Unwritten - a product of political evolutions, customs, and traditions that evolved from the passage of time
81
Two Types of Written Constitution
Constitution Convention – in which the delegates that will draft the constitution are elected by the people such as the 1935 and 1973 constitution
Constitutional Commission – in which the delegates are appointed by the President of the Philippines such as the present constitution
