Political Regimes Flashcards
What is a hybrid regime or illiberal democracy?
They are called hybrid because they combine democratic traits (e.g., frequent and direct elections) with autocratic ones (e.g., political repression) = found in most developing nations
What is a closed authoritarian regime?
No elections, and no contestation for power
Hegemonic Regime?
Elections, but with a hegemonic party as the main winner of elections = not contested
Competitive authoritarian?
Contested elections but not fully free and fair
Electoral democracy?
free and fair elections but lack of full freedoms, pluralism for rule of law
Liberal Democracy
Normal democracies
What differentiates democracy Vs. autocracies
Regime which fails to satisfy the following…
1) Free and competitive legislative elections
2) An executive which is accountable to its citizens, either via presidential elections or indirectly through legislative elections in parliamentary systems
Threats to authoritarian politics
1) Threats from masses
2) Co-optation and reppression
3) Power sharing
Out of 303 leaders … how many were removed by popular uprising?
32 + 30 step down from pressure
1/3 or 2/3rd removed via Coup D’Eta out of 205?
2/3rd’s
4 legacies (Levitsky and Way)
1) Destruction of independent power centres
2) Tight partisan control over security forces - invulnerability to coups
3) Cohesive ruling party
4) Powerful coercive apparatus
Regimes are durable when?
establishment is accompanied by mass mobilisation and significant classic social revolutions
What are the 3 norms for democracy?
Freedom, Equality and Control
Lauth’s 5 democratic institutions?
1) Decision-making
2) Intermediation
3) Communication
4) Legal Guarantees
5) Rule-making and implementation
Merkel’s 5 democratic components?
1) Elections
2) Political participation rights
3) Civil rights
4) Horizontal accountability
5) Effective government (only duly elected representatives can make authoritative decisions)
What is defective democracy?
A ruler/ state which “loses the complementary buttresses which in a functioning democracy are indispensable for securing freedom, equality and control”
What is Gallie’s definition of democracy?
“politics being the art of the possible, democratic targets will be raised or lowered as circumstances alter”
Geddes 2 types of dictatorship?
1) Electoral dictatorships - manipulated elections
2) Presidential monarchies - reflects the stereotypical idea of a dictator
60% of dictators come from where?
ruling coalitions - Baathist party 1970 (Al-Asa minister of defence stages coup against Salah Jahid)
What is preference falsification (Magaloni)?
Reppresion forces popele to ‘express preferences they do not genuinely hold’ = e.g. Romania in 1989
“fear multiplies like bacteria in a petri dish”
Bosch-Stiftung 2018
Perez Jimenez suffered from what?
Thinning support base 1958
Lijphart 4 pillars of democracy?
4 pillars - grand coalition, proportionality, mutual veto, segmental autonomy
Lauths 3 elements of a democracy?
Freedom, Control, Equality
Lipset - more wealth state is better or worse with regards to democracy?
Better - democratic peace theory…
Why is liberal institutionalism good for the survival of a democracy?
associations practising “schools of democracy”
What is an exclusive democracy?
one or more of groups of citizens are excluded from democracy - Napoleonic Civil Code (excludes women) + Greek State (excludes women)
What is domain democracy?
Military and other powers of the state use their veto against the ruler
What is an illiberal democracy?
Regular elections but judiciary has limited control over the government = government ignore political freedoms
Chege - 1990 African lifts multi-party elections ban … how many nations used elections?
45 BUT setbacks for freedom
What does Chege say about multi-party elections?
“overemphasised multi-party elections … and neglected basic tenets of liberal governance”
