Political Philosophy

Question 1

What is positive freedom

Answer 1

this is the act to fill our full potential. it involves the availability of options. “ freedom to “ an example is choosing what subject to do in upcoming classes.

Question 2

What is negative freedom

Answer 2

this is the freedom from constraint, it is being able to do what you want without restrictions.

Question 3

what is the problem with positive & negative freedom

Answer 3

How much negative freedom should we give up to insure positive freedom

Question 4

mills quote?

Answer 4

” those actions which directly affect the freedom of others should be restricted “

Question 5

what is mills harm principle?

Answer 5

mill acknowledges that we may find self regarding behaviour like outrageous dress, drug abuse etc offensive
- our freedom must be absolute unless harm is caused to us, the state can step in

Question 6

harm principle?

Answer 6

this guarantees individual liberty whilst still acknowledging a guarantee requires some level of sacrifice.

Question 7

what are hobbes beliefs

Answer 7

we have consented to rule by the state and thus we are obliged to comply with its laws

Question 8

what did hobbes believe about people

Answer 8

they are naturally selfish and cruel, and governments are needed to protect them from each other. PROTECTION !!!!

Question 9

what does hobbes believe when people are in fear?

Answer 9

they ‘gift’ control over themselves to the government for greater security. self protection

Question 10

what did john locke believe

Answer 10

human nature allowed people to be selfish

Question 11

what rights foes locke believe people have

Answer 11

Property, Liberty, life

Question 12

what is the social contract

Answer 12

an implicit agreement among the members of society to cooperate for social benefits, eg. sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection.

Question 13

what did hobbes think of the social contract

Answer 13

he believes in order to secure self protection and self preservation and to avoid misery and pain we entered a contract

Question 14

what did locke believe about the contract

Answer 14

in the state of nature rights were given to them

Question 15

what did locke believe about property

Answer 15

private property is created when a person mixes labour with materials of nature.

Question 16

whats the 1st principle of justice

Answer 16

each member of society should enjoy the same basic liberties

Question 17

whats the 2nd principle

Answer 17

positions that have greater advantages should be available to everyone.

Question 18

whats the 3rd principle

Answer 18

least advantaged members should benefit from gains of the most fortunate

Question 19

what is marxism( rawls princ )

Answer 19

everyone in society receives an equal share no matter what their skills are, same benefits.
resources should be re- distributed equally between society’s members

Question 20

what is liberalism? ( rawls princ )

Answer 20

allows some freedom to improve well- being of society and health. can see benefits from giving up freedom.

Question 21

what is punishment

Answer 21

a type of right awarded to authority to keep social order as a response to crime.
involves deprivation of some kind of good ( money ) , freedom, privileges, life

Question 22

what is the problem with punishment

Answer 22

how can it be justified given the intention is to harm others

Question 23

what do anarchist think

Answer 23

any exercise of power by the state is an infringement of individual freedom- unjustifiable.
this is a reminder of how much power the state has over individuals

Question 24

what do anarchist think of the state

Answer 24

they consider the state a threat.