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Philosophy > Exam ‼️ > Flashcards

Exam ‼️ Flashcards

1
Q

~person hood~

what is a potential being?

A

a being that could become a person in the future

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2
Q

what does john locke define a person as

~personhood~

A

’ a thinking intelligent being that has reason and reflection, and considers a itself the same thinking things, in different times and places’

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3
Q

what is an ex person

~personhood~

A

a being that was once a person but has how lost the characteristics necessary for being called a person

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4
Q

persons are:

~personhood~

A 
self aware
self created
rational and reflective
social
language users
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5
Q

some people think?

~personhood~

A

there should be no separation of ‘human’ and ‘person’

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6
Q

descartes claims what

~personhood~

A

that the concept of a ‘person’ is essential in order to have any conscious experiences at all

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7
Q

what is anthropomorphism

~personhood~

A

the ascription of human qualities and traits to non human animals

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8
Q

how are are animals self aware

~personhood~

A

the results of psychological experiments demonstrate some are (chimpanzees, elephants, dolphins)

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9
Q

chimpanzees recognise themselves in …?

~personhood~

A

mirrors

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10
Q

what is blanshards view

~determinism/freewill~

A

determinism, because it holds that everything we do is determined by desires stemming from our biological make up and or environment

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11
Q

human beings are never able

~ determinism/freewill~

A

to do other what they infact do

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12
Q

what do humans feel?

~determinism/ freewill~

A

as though we are free but this is just an illusion

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13
Q

human beings aren’t aware of

~determinism/freewill~

A

the influences determining us

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14
Q

what could happen if you record influences

~determinism/freewill~

A

you could predict basically everything

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15
Q

for determinists, what happens when you blame someone

A

your not saying its his or her fault because what he or she did was caused by his/her biological makeup and environment

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16
Q

if human actions are events…

A

they must be caused by events

if an action is caused by other events how is it free ???

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17
Q

what did cambell argue free will is

A

that human beings do make free choices

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18
Q

cambells views

A

our biological makeup and environent determine much of what we do but when we make a moral choice we act freely

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19
Q

why are moral choices free

A

because biology and environment determine our desires

20
Q

what is libertarianism

A

it asserts that human beings are likely to make free choices

21
Q

example of moral choice

A

when you treat people nicely although your in a bad mood

22
Q

a free choice could also be

A

a possibility like breaking a tie between two equal possibilities

23
Q

what is positive freedom

A

” freedom to “

  • the freedom to act to fulfil one’s potential
  • it involves not only the capacity to make genuine choices but the availability of options
24
Q

what is negative freedom

A

“freedom from”

  • freedom from constraint
  • it means being able t pursue one’s interest without interference from external forces
25
Q

what does mill believe

A

only actions that affect the freedom of others should be restricted

26
Q

what is the harm principle

A

it guarantees individual liberty whilst still acknowledging such a guarantee requires some level of sacrafice

27
Q

positive freedom is….

A

tied to negative freedom

28
Q

what is the problem( negative& positive freedom )

A

how much negative freedom are we willing to give up to ensure positive freedom

29
Q

why are n & p freedom said to be incompatiable

A

because they are both based off different terms/ theorys

30
Q

what does hobbes believe

A

we have consented to rule by the state therefore we are obliged to comply with its laws

31
Q

hobbes believes human nature…..

A

arises from fear

32
Q

when is political authority established

A

when people fear their lives so they ‘gift’ control over their own preservation

33
Q

hobbes believes fear

A

makes people compete for necessities

34
Q

why does hobbes believe people have no chance of cooperation

A

their are no guarantees that anyone will be true to their word

35
Q

what does locke believe

A

consent is a contract entered by individuals who have chosen to come together to ensure interests are protected

36
Q

why does locke believe we are bound to consent to the states law

A

we remain within these societys and accept the benefits they offer

37
Q

what is the social contract

A

what we sign internally to obligy by the state and its laws

38
Q

-pascals wager

if you believe in god

A

god will reward you with an infinite payoff (life everlasting)

39
Q

what happened if you have bet against god and he does exist

A

you have lost an infinite payoff

40
Q

what does pascal believe the right decision is

A

to believe in god

41
Q

what is pascals argument trying to probe

A

faith

42
Q

what does pascal invite his reader to consider

A

the wisdom of the ‘leap of faith’ in terms of gambling odds

43
Q

what does pascals wager posit

A

all humans bet with their lives either that god exists or that he doesnt

44
Q

what is the most obvious problem with pascals wager

A

it assumes there is only one religion , only one version of god

45
Q

given that we cannot know God’s nature…..

A

how can we be sure that god is in the business of reward and punishment

Philosophy (2 decks)

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