political parties- labour party

Question 1

how did old labour view society?

Answer 1

saw it in terms of class conflict and that the working and middle class interests cannot be reconciled. the government must favour the working class. 
formal equality under law ad equality of opportunity

Question 2

what were old labour values on welfare?

Answer 2

collectivism- welfare state should protect every member of society. with trade unions playing vital role in power balance of workers and employers

Question 3

what were old labour values towards the state and the economy?

Answer 3

the state should play key role in the economy (statism).

key value of equality of opportunity through redistribution of income.

Question 4

what were some old labour policies?

Answer 4

• creation of NHS in 1940s
• higher taxes (Callahan 83% top rate)
• nationalisation of major industry (coal, steel , rail)
• discrimination against women and ethnic minorities outlawed in 60s and 70s
• comprehensive education introduced in 60s

Question 5

how were new labour values different to old labour on society?

Answer 5

rejected the idea of class conflict and de-emphasised collectivism to embrace individualism 
stressed communitarianism, as people have duties as part of organic community

Question 6

what were new labour views towards welfare?

Answer 6

stressed equality of opportunity in education and welfare

Question 7

what were new labour views towards economy?

Answer 7

accepted capitalism as best way of generating wealth, should remain free from state control. capitalism should be regulated not controlled, enabling state

Question 8

what were new labour views towards reform?

Answer 8

there was a need for political and constitutional reform

Question 9

what was old labour policy towards the economy?

Answer 9

Foot had socialist values, increase in public investment. and nationalisation.
kinnock moved towards centre and centre left, top tax rate of 50% and higher taxes on rich

Question 10

what was old labour policy towards welfare?

Answer 10

Foot= every member of society protected by welfare and enlarge NHS 
kinnock= £600 million in education and £1bn in NHS, abandoned policy on closed shops

Question 11

what was old labour policy towards law and order?

Answer 11

Foot= reverse tory cuts to maternity rights, strengthen equal Pay act and sex discrimination acts
limits to stop and search powers

Question 12

what was old labour policy towards foreign policy?

Answer 12

Foot= promote nuclear disarmament, protect refugees and withdraw from EEC
kinnock= abandoned removal of trident

Question 13

what was Blair/Brown policy towards the economy?

Answer 13

introduce national minimum wage, independent Bank of England, did not increase taxes and didn’t nationalise industry

Question 14

what was Blair/Brown policy towards welfare?

Answer 14

free school meals for primary children, more funding for NHS and education, encouraged employment through jobseekers allowance

Question 15

what was Blair/Brown policy towards law and order?

Answer 15

civil partnerships act 2004, 1997 house of lords reform act, human rights act 1998, devolution acts,
tough of cause of crime and young offenders

Question 16

what was Blair/Brown policy towards foreign policy?

Answer 16

1998 good Friday agreement

2003 iraq war, led to loss of support

Question 17

what was Miliband’s policy towards the economy?

Answer 17

ban zero hour contracts, freeze energy bills, bring back 50p top tax income

Question 18

what was Miliband’s policy towards welfare?

Answer 18

raise minimum wage to £8, freeze rail fairs for a year, protect tax credits for working families

Question 19

what was Miliband’s policy towards law and order?

Answer 19

safeguard over 10,000 Police officers, set max permitted levels of sugar in kids food

Question 20

what was Miliband’s policy towards foreign policy?

Answer 20

reform EU so it works for Britain, put target for net zero

Question 21

what was Corbyn’s policy towards the economy?

Answer 21

nationalise major industry such as rail, large shifts in distribution of wealth through tax reforms, regulation of finance industry

Question 22

what was Corbyn’s policy towards welfare?

Answer 22

increase minimum living wage, scrap benefits cap, increase NHS budget, abolish tuition fees, increase minimum wage to £10

Question 23

what was Corbyn’s policy towards law and order?

Answer 23

recruit 22,000 more police officers, justice reforms

Question 24

what was Corbyn’s policy towards foreign policy?

Answer 24

scrap trident, 2nd Brexit referendum, bring forward net zero target

Question 25

what was Starmer’s policy towards the economy?

Answer 25

common ownership of rail, increase tax by 5% for top earners, reverse corporation tax cuts

Question 26

what was Starmer’s policy towards welfare?

Answer 26

abolish universal credit and tuition fees, defend NHS, defend migrant rights and workers rights

Question 27

what was Starmer’s policy towards law and order?

Answer 27

repeal trade union act, create clean air act, devolve further powers

Question 28

what was Starmer’s policy towards foreign policy?

Answer 28

human rights at heart of F.P, end indefinite detention, new green deal

Question 29

What is Momentum and what are their beliefs?

Answer 29

Momentum is a socialist/Marxist group formed with the aim of maintaining Jeremy Corbyn’s policies and (initially) leadership. They campaign for large-scale wealth redistribution, public industrial ownership, state regulation of finance, abandoning Trident and an increased minimum wage.

Question 30

What is Blairism? What are its beliefs?

Answer 30

Blairites believe that ‘popular’ New Labour policies should be retained. Advocate free market economics involving the private sector to create wealth, continued privatisation, authoritarian police, EU integration, reduced dependency culture.

Question 31

What is Blue Labour and what are its beliefs?

Answer 31

Blue Labour is a conservative-leaning faction of Labour, arguing that working classes support more right-wing values. Support socially conservative policies, an isolationist and economically nationalist approach and free markets. Opposes excessive large business.