political parties- labour party Flashcards
how did old labour view society?
saw it in terms of class conflict and that the working and middle class interests cannot be reconciled. the government must favour the working class. formal equality under law ad equality of opportunity
what were old labour values on welfare?
collectivism- welfare state should protect every member of society. with trade unions playing vital role in power balance of workers and employers
what were old labour values towards the state and the economy?
the state should play key role in the economy (statism).
key value of equality of opportunity through redistribution of income.
what were some old labour policies?
- creation of NHS in 1940s
- higher taxes (Callahan 83% top rate)
- nationalisation of major industry (coal, steel , rail)
- discrimination against women and ethnic minorities outlawed in 60s and 70s
- comprehensive education introduced in 60s
how were new labour values different to old labour on society?
rejected the idea of class conflict and de-emphasised collectivism to embrace individualism stressed communitarianism, as people have duties as part of organic community
what were new labour views towards welfare?
stressed equality of opportunity in education and welfare
what were new labour views towards economy?
accepted capitalism as best way of generating wealth, should remain free from state control. capitalism should be regulated not controlled, enabling state
what were new labour views towards reform?
there was a need for political and constitutional reform
what was old labour policy towards the economy?
Foot had socialist values, increase in public investment. and nationalisation.
kinnock moved towards centre and centre left, top tax rate of 50% and higher taxes on rich
what was old labour policy towards welfare?
Foot= every member of society protected by welfare and enlarge NHS kinnock= £600 million in education and £1bn in NHS, abandoned policy on closed shops
what was old labour policy towards law and order?
Foot= reverse tory cuts to maternity rights, strengthen equal Pay act and sex discrimination acts
limits to stop and search powers
what was old labour policy towards foreign policy?
Foot= promote nuclear disarmament, protect refugees and withdraw from EEC kinnock= abandoned removal of trident
what was Blair/Brown policy towards the economy?
introduce national minimum wage, independent Bank of England, did not increase taxes and didn’t nationalise industry
what was Blair/Brown policy towards welfare?
free school meals for primary children, more funding for NHS and education, encouraged employment through jobseekers allowance
what was Blair/Brown policy towards law and order?
civil partnerships act 2004, 1997 house of lords reform act, human rights act 1998, devolution acts,
tough of cause of crime and young offenders
what was Blair/Brown policy towards foreign policy?
1998 good Friday agreement
2003 iraq war, led to loss of support
what was Miliband’s policy towards the economy?
ban zero hour contracts, freeze energy bills, bring back 50p top tax income
what was Miliband’s policy towards welfare?
raise minimum wage to £8, freeze rail fairs for a year, protect tax credits for working families
what was Miliband’s policy towards law and order?
safeguard over 10,000 Police officers, set max permitted levels of sugar in kids food
what was Miliband’s policy towards foreign policy?
reform EU so it works for Britain, put target for net zero
what was Corbyn’s policy towards the economy?
nationalise major industry such as rail, large shifts in distribution of wealth through tax reforms, regulation of finance industry
what was Corbyn’s policy towards welfare?
increase minimum living wage, scrap benefits cap, increase NHS budget, abolish tuition fees, increase minimum wage to £10
what was Corbyn’s policy towards law and order?
recruit 22,000 more police officers, justice reforms
what was Corbyn’s policy towards foreign policy?
scrap trident, 2nd Brexit referendum, bring forward net zero target
what was Starmer’s policy towards the economy?
common ownership of rail, increase tax by 5% for top earners, reverse corporation tax cuts
what was Starmer’s policy towards welfare?
abolish universal credit and tuition fees, defend NHS, defend migrant rights and workers rights
what was Starmer’s policy towards law and order?
repeal trade union act, create clean air act, devolve further powers
what was Starmer’s policy towards foreign policy?
human rights at heart of F.P, end indefinite detention, new green deal
What is Momentum and what are their beliefs?
Momentum is a socialist/Marxist group formed with the aim of maintaining Jeremy Corbyn’s policies and (initially) leadership. They campaign for large-scale wealth redistribution, public industrial ownership, state regulation of finance, abandoning Trident and an increased minimum wage.
What is Blairism? What are its beliefs?
Blairites believe that ‘popular’ New Labour policies should be retained. Advocate free market economics involving the private sector to create wealth, continued privatisation, authoritarian police, EU integration, reduced dependency culture.
What is Blue Labour and what are its beliefs?
Blue Labour is a conservative-leaning faction of Labour, arguing that working classes support more right-wing values. Support socially conservative policies, an isolationist and economically nationalist approach and free markets. Opposes excessive large business.
