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Politics AS Level > Political Parties > Flashcards

Political Parties Flashcards

1
Q

Define democracy

A

A government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly or by a representative under a free electoral system

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2
Q

Give two strengths of a direct democracy

A

More active participation
Everyone can vote
enables you to have a direct say

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3
Q

Give two weaknesses of direct democracy

A

Chaos in large society

Takes longer

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4
Q

Give two strengths of a representative democracy

A

Good large population

Quicker

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5
Q

Give 4 voting considerations for MPs

A

Media
Constituency
Party/whips
own morals

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6
Q

What is a pluralist democracy?

A

A System of government which encourages participation and allows for free and fair competition between competing educational background

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7
Q

What is an elitist democracy?

A

Dominated by elites who are from a particular social class or educational background

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8
Q

What is a mainstream party?

A

The three main political issues which include Labour, Lib Dems and the conservatives

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9
Q

What is a two party system?

A

Two fairly equal matched parties compete for power at elections/ others have little realistic chance of winning

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10
Q

What are the five functions of political parties?

A 
Political Formula
internal discussion on manifesto ect
Stable government
there would be chaos without it/ all individual 
Participation 
encourages participation 
Representation

Political Recruitment
recruites candidiates

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11
Q

Why do we have a two party system in the UK?

A

Tendency for opinion on issues to divide into for and against/
electoral system- FPTP- discourages other parties
Problems for small parties.
Absence of deep ethnic linguistic and sectional differences

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12
Q

What is an ideology?

A

A set of beliefs or values that guides a person through their choices

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13
Q

Give 4 left wing beliefs

A

Internationalisation
Shared wealth and ownership
More just society
Identify with interest of masses

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14
Q

Give 4 right wing beliefs

A

Interests of the established
more emphasis on P.R
Favours traditions
Lower levels of taxation

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15
Q

Give three reasons for that Britain is a two party system

A

2010- 86.8% of seats were lab/con
The third party- Lib Dems are still a long way behind the two main parties
Lab/Con only partiers that are likely to win

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16
Q

Give three reasons against that Britain is a two party system

A

34.9% of voters voted for lab/con in 2010
There is a four way competition in Scotland- can be different in different places
Second to Labour in the north and the west

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17
Q

Give 5 beliefs of socialism

A 
Social evil- capitalism
Community 
Equality 
Justice
Government intervention
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18
Q

Give 5 beliefs of Liberalism

A 
Individualism
Liberty
Rationalism
Legal+political equality
Min gov. intervention
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19
Q

Give 4 beliefs of Conservatism

A

Established interests
Traditional values
P.R
Lower levels of taxation

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20
Q

What is ethical socialism?

A

To improve the quality of life for people

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21
Q

What is Christian socialism?

A

Jesus’ messages should be in socialism and everyone is equal

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22
Q

Give 5 features that the old clause IV had in 1918

A 
Nationalisation 
socialism 
'A sacred cow'
equality of outcome
re.of wealth
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23
Q

Give 5 features that the new clause IV had under Blair

A 
Equality of opportunity 
large private sector
p.r
third way
free market
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24
Q

Give 6 features of old labour

A 
Public sector
Eurosceptic
quality of outcome
working class
social justice
trade unions
25
Q

Give 6 features of new labour

A 
Catch-all
p.r
social inclusion 
tough on welfare benefits
more central
26
Q

Give 7 features of one nation conservatives

A

Pragmatism/gradual improvements/paternalist/pluralism/mixed economy/ internationalism
/accepted NHS

27
Q

Give 7 features of Thatcherism

A

Libertarian conservatism (economically)/monetarism (controlling money to stop inflation)/ free ,arrest/ adversial policies/ privatisation/ deregulation/ anti trade union power/ self reliance

28
Q

Give 5 reasons why the conservatives lost the 2005 election

A

Did not increase their share of the vote (35.7%)
Talked to mainly long term party supporters
Different views in party
Iraq war- approved
No ‘big idea’

29
Q

Give five campaigns/changes that David Cameron brought to the Conservative party in 2010

A 
'Vote blue, go green'- went more environmental 
'Broken Britain' wanted to fix it 
Wanted to detoxify the party 
Talked of replacing human rights act 
The conservative brand
30
Q

Give 4 roles and values of third and minor parties

A

1-take up paticular causes that are ignored by the other parties e.g pro life alliance/
2- they air certain grievances not being taken up by traditional parties e.g SNP/
3- Act as protest vote e.g lib dems/
4- can effect outcome of elections

31
Q

Give 6 features of liberalism

A

Individual freedom/ equality of opportunity/ promoting social justice/ encouraging political participation/ protection of indiuval rights/ dispersion of power

32
Q

Give 5 features of classical liberalism (neo)

A

Minimal state intervention/ freedom and equality/ self reliance/ adopted by new right/ free market

33
Q

Give 5 features of progressive liberalism

A

Some regulation of the market/ reform/ mixed economy/ welfare state/ state action

34
Q

Give 4 evidences for the end of ideology

A

Parties seem to be more central and ‘catch all’/ able to enter into a coalition government/ increased emphasis on presentation/ ideological wings of each of the three main parties have been marginalised

35
Q

Give 4 evidences against the end of ideology

A

Ideological dividing come apparent in the financial crisis/ still have distinct ideological traditions/ single issue parties are more popular

36
Q

What is internal party democracy?

A

How MPs in the party are elected to be leader, it is also how MPs can be electives and how much power members have within a political party.

37
Q

How are Labour leaders chosen?

A

A third of voters are made by the parliamentary Labour Party (backbenchers)
A third is made by organisations like trade unions
A third is made by ordinary party members
Must be more than half of votes

38
Q

How are parliamentary candidates selected?

A

12.5% of MPs have to nominate a candidate who wants to elected
There is a national executive commitee’s approval lost
Electoral college makes a short list

39
Q

How is party policy formulated in labour?

A

Make them in a conference
Two thirds majority in order for it to be in the manifesto
There is a two year policy cycle
National policy forum appointed
Policy commissions to make proposal which are formalised in the national executive committee- passes to party conference for approval

40
Q

How are the liberal democrat Leaders chosen?

A

There is a postal ballot of all party members. Candidates needed to secure 10% of all lib dem MPs as well as 200 party members drawn from at least 20 local parties for their nomination
50% of votes in ballot

41
Q

How are parliamentary candidates selected in the lib dems?

A

Must apply to their national party/ those who become approved can apply to individual constituencies/ these are short listed by the constituency / these are short listed by the constituency party go to a ballot of all parties members

42
Q

How are party policies formulated in the lib dem party?

A

Combing English, Scottish and organisations below each national party,
Scotland policies- Scottish party
Federal conference twice a year
National conference spent considering proposals from the federal conference

43
Q

Give three reasons why political parties still matter

A

Recruiting representatives- the choice of those who served in government/ best way of ensuring competitive elections/ educating the electorate

44
Q

Give 4 reasons why political parties no longer matter

A

Single issue parties seem more popular and relevant/ the politicians who represent the parties are unable to make their performance match up to the promises they make/ the media adds to the distrust / countries are more difficult to govern today

45
Q

Give three evidence points of consensus between 1951-1979 (just after the war)

A

Portrayed elections as a contest to decide which politicians would bring policies that everyone agreed on/ Tories accepted welfare and mixed economy

46
Q

Give three evidence points of there not being consensus between 1951-1979 (just after the war)

A

There was disagreement on private/ public ownership/ social equality/ role of state/ the role on state was disagreed on

47
Q

Give three points of evidence for consensus between 1979-97 (Thatcher and Kinnock)

A

There was new labour by 97 who were similar to the Tories, they embraced conservative policies/ both moved central, less extreme of eachother

48
Q

Give three points of evidence against consensus between 1979-97 (Thatcher and Kinnock)

A

Conservatives under leadership of MT changed opinions to be more radical, new right/ Labour moved to the left lead to polarised contest

49
Q

Give three points of evidence against consensus between 1997+

A

Still differences in party/ 2010 different views on global crisis/ Corbyn new party leader/ disagree on public services

50
Q

Give three points of evidence for consensus between 1997+

A

Tong Blair removes ideology from the debate/ more central/ Cameron is moderate

51
Q

What is political culture?

A

Is the idea, beliefs and attitude that shape political

52
Q

Why is party membership declining?

A

Catch all parties/ less enthusiasm for and interest in politics/ growth in pressure group activity/ less time spent on recruiting members/ more emphasis on party leaders

53
Q

What is party finance needed for?

A

Maintaining party headquarters e.g pamphlets/ maintaining a reserve fund e,g new roof/ campaign costs/ local constituencies expense/

54
Q

Where do parties receive funding from?

A

Subscriptions from individual party members/ donations from indiuval companies/ contributions from associated bodies/ publi c subsidies/ minor parties- short money

55
Q

Give four arguments for state funding

A

Party activity is essential to a democratic government/ allows politicians to focus on representing their constituents/ parties of the centre left suffer a disadvantage/ it would also help reduce part dependence on unions/ lib dems could compete equally

56
Q

Give four arguments against state funding

A

Politics is a voluntarily activity/ we need to spend money on other more important things p/ public cannot be exoteted to bail pit parties/ may not support party

57
Q

What is state funding?

A

State funding is when the government pay for the public services through our taxes

58
Q

What is short money?

A

Money paid to opposition parties in order to help them cover their administrative costs and scrutinise the govebrment / is available to opposition that win over 150,00 votes

Politics AS Level (5 decks)

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