political parties Flashcards
who were the octobrists?
russian political party with socially conservative but constitutionally liberal views
created in november 1905
when was the octobrist party set up?
existed from 1905 to 1917 when they were made illegal by the bolshevik party
why was the octobrist party set up?
set up after tsar nicholas issues his october manifesto to support the implementation of the changes the october manifesto
what were the views of the octobrist part?
they believed in a limited constitutional monarchy in which the state duma passed laws but the tsar kept his authority
initially supported stolypins economic policies but became more critical because of his repressive policies
what was the role of the octobrist party in the duma?
octobrist became the largest group in the third duma because stolypin changed the voting laws in 1907
they supported russia’s entry into the first world war in 1914
joined the progressive bloc in 1915 with the kadets or constitutional democratic party which wanted more representative leadership and reform
held several positions in the government during the first world war and the dual power of the provisional government and the petrograd soviet in 1917
what was the socialist revolutionary party?
russian political party that wanted to end the tsarist regime
some of its members were happy to use violence
when was the socialist revolutionary part important?
created in 1902 and made illegal by the bolsheviks in 1917
what did the socialist revolutionary party believe?
believed in land reform so there would be no private ownership of land
it would be held by the communes
what tactics did the socialist revolutionary party use?
often committed political assassinations and used terrorist tactics
what was the trudovik party?
russian political party created in 1906 when the socialist revolutionary party refused to take part in the first duma
when was the trudovik party created?
in 1906 and was very important during the first and second dumas of russia because they won many seats
they were made illegal by the bolsheviks in 1917
why was the trudovik party created?
some members of the socialist revolutionary party created a new party (the trudoviks) because they opposed the party’s decision to not participate in the first duma
what were the views of the trudovik party?
main belief was in land reform
it thought all land ownership should be in the hands of peasants
they supported the provisional government
who were the kadets?
russian political party established in 1906 that had liberal beliefs
when was the kadet party important ?
created in 1906 and made illegal by the bolsheviks in 1917
they were very important in the first duma as they were the largest party
what did the kadet party believe?
they wanted a constitutional monarchy similar to britain
universal free and equal suffrage
land reform to favour the peasants but which compensated the land lords
who were the social democratic party?
created in 1898 and followed Karl Max’s ideas about communist revolution
when was the social democratic party important?
important from its creator in 1898 until it split into 2 separate parties in 1903
what did the social democratic party believe?
believed in communism and the need for a revolution in russia to overthrow the tsarist regime
why did the social democratic party split?
split in 1903 because there was a disagreement about how to achieve a communist revolution
mensheviks believed the revolution would only happen after russia industrialised and created a large working class ( would take a long time )
bolsheviks believed that the revolution in russia could happen more quickly if a small group of dedicated revolutionaries led the revolution and set up a dictatorship of the proletariat on behalf of the workers
who were the bolsheviks ?
founded by vladimir lenin and alexander bogdanov when the social democratic party split into two
the bolsheviks and the mensheviks
when was the bolshevik party formed?
1903
how many members did the bolshevik party have?
at the beginning of 1917, 23000
what did the bolshevik party believe in?
in creating a communist society in which all private ownership of property, land and businesses would be abolished to benefit the workers
the party should be run by a small dedicated group of revolutionaries
russia was not ready for a communist revolution
bolsheviks would create a “dictatorship of the proletariat” and rule on the workers behalf
they refused to work with other political parties
how were the beliefs of the bolshevik party different to those of the mensheviks?
mensheviks were willing to work with other left wing parties to bring about democracy but the bolsheviks were not
bolsheviks believed in forcing a revolution whereas the mensheviks believed in a more democratic approach to gaining power
mensheviks believed a liberal capitalist society would be stepping stone to communism whereas the bolsheviks believed a small group leading a revolution by force was the way to achieve it
who were the mensheviks ?
founded by julius martov when the social democratic party split into two
bolsheviks and mensheviks
when were the mensheviks created?
1903
what were the menshevik beliefs?
in creating a communist society
communist revolution would only happen after russia industrialised to create a large working class
the party should be democratic
should work with other political parties to achieve a liberal capitalist society as the first step towards a communist revolution
gained support of the working class by promoting policies such as 8 hour working days
what was the role of the mensheviks in the 1905 revolution?
encouraged workers to set up councils or soviets
were crucial to the set up of the petrograd soviet
played an active role in the state dumas which were established by tsar nicholas in response to the 1905 revolution
what happened to the mensheviks?
bolsheviks suppressed the mensheviks along with all other political parties and many mensheviks went into exile
