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CHS Gov > Political Participation > Flashcards

Political Participation Flashcards

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1
Q

ABC News declares one presidential candidate the winner in a televised debate. In
this role ABC News is acting as the

A

Scorekeeper

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2
Q

The New York Times publishes an article accusing a Texas Senator of using his
power to extract contributions from oil industry executives. In this role, the Times is
acting as the

A

Watchdog

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3
Q

Which of the following describes the result in a winner-take-all, single member
district plurality system?

A

The candidate who receives the most votes in the election wins.

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4
Q

Which of the following best describes how presidential campaigns have changed over
the last 40 years?

A

There has been a change from party-centered campaigning to candidate-center
campaigning.

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5
Q

Which of the following statements is reflected in the data in the chart?

A

One candidate can win the popular vote and not win the electoral vote

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6
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is reflected in the data in the chart?
A

Since 2016, the fastest-growing media used by US adults has been online

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7
Q

The process by which the public opinion divides and goes to the extremes.

A

political polarization

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8
Q

An organization of people sharing a common interest or goal that seeks to influence the making of public policy

A

interest group

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9
Q

A group of individuals with broad common interests who organize to nominate candidates for office, win elections, conduct government, and determine public policy

A

political party

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10
Q

Engaging in activities aimed at influencing public officials, especially legislators, and the policies they enact.

A

lobbying

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11
Q

the process of taking legal action

A

litigation

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12
Q

A committee set up by a corporation, labor union, or interest group that raises and spends campaign money from voluntary donations

A

Political Action Committee (PAC)

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13
Q

An individual can spend unlimited amounts of their personal wealth on their open campaigns.

A

Buckely v. Valeo

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14
Q

A 2010 decision by the United States Supreme Court holding that independent expenditures are free speech protected by the 1st Amendment and so cannot be limited by federal law. Leads to creation of SuperPACs & massive rise in amount of third party electioneering (Citizens for a Better Tomorrow, Tomorrow)

A

Citizens United vs. FEC

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15
Q

Benefit allowing members of Congress to mail letters and other materials postage-free

A

franking privilege

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16
Q

A group of people named by each state legislature to select the president and vice president

A

electoral college

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17
Q

the percentage of eligible voters who cast a ballot in an election

A

voter turnout

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18
Q

Influence which subjects are of national importance (help set national agenda)

A

gatekeeper role of media

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19
Q

keep track of and help make political reputations

A

scorekeeper role of media

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20
Q

a practice which journalist and reporters use in regards to government coverage and campaign coverage with emphasis on who is gaining or losing, not on what is being done about issues.

A

horserace journalism

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21
Q

electoral district from which one person is chosen by the voters for each elected office

A

single-member district

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22
Q

Election campaigns and other political processes in which political parties, not individual candidates, hold most of the initiative and influence.

A

party-centered campaigns

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23
Q

Election campaigns and other political processes in which candidates, not political parties, have most of the initiative and influence.

A

candidate-centered campaigns

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24
Q

the inability of the government to act because rival parties control different parts of the government. Difficult to pass laws due to evenly divided votes.

A

gridlock government

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25
Q

A document drawn up at each national convention, outlining the policies, positions, and principles of the party.

A

party platform

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26
Q

A primary election in which voters may choose in which party to vote as they enter the polling place

A

open primary

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27
Q

A primary in which only registered members of a particular political party can vote

A

closed primary

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28
Q

A meeting of local party members to choose party officials or candidates for public office and to decide the platform.

A

caucus

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29
Q

A person appointed or elected to represent others

A

delegate

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30
Q

U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed

A

15th amendment (1870)

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31
Q

Gave women the right to vote

A

19th amendment (1920)

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32
Q

Amendment to the U.S. Constitution (1964) eliminated the poll tax as a prerequisite to vote in national elections.

A

24th amendment

33
Q

a law designed to help end formal and informal barriers to African-American suffrage

A

Voting Rights Act of 1965

34
Q

Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18

A

26th amendment

35
Q

Direct group involvement in the electoral process. Groups can help fund campaigns, provide testimony, and get members to work for candidates, and some form Political Action Committees (PACs).

A

electioneering

36
Q

Journalism that attempts to hold government officials and institutions accountable for their actions.

A

watchdog journalism

37
Q

scientific efforts to estimate what an entire group thinks about an issue by asking a smaller sample of the group for its opinion

A

public opinion polls

38
Q

a measure of the accuracy of a public opinion poll

A

margin of error

39
Q

Nominating election held to choose party candidates who will run in the general election

A

primary election

40
Q

election in which voters decide which candidates will actually fill elective public offices

A

general election

41
Q

the belief that the government’s proper role is to actively promote health, education, and justice

A

Liberal Political Ideology

42
Q

An ideology that advocates minimal regulation of the economy and decreased emphasis on income redistribution.

A

Conservative Ideology

43
Q

Strategies used to influence people to believe, buy or do something

A

propaganda techniques

44
Q

The argument that since something is popular or everybody is doing it, so should you.

A

bandwagon appeal

45
Q

attempts to persuade the reader by using a famous person to endorse a product or idea

A

testimonial

46
Q

implies that ordinary people are on “our side” or that a candidate is like an ordinary person

A

plain folks appeal

47
Q

connects a product, a candidate, or a cause with a positive image or idea

A

transfer appeal

48
Q

Uses attractive, but vague, words that embody ideals such as: freedom, fame, justice, respect.

A

glittering generality

49
Q

making a 1 sided case. Choosing only evidence that best supports your argument but completely ignoring the opposing side

A

cardstacking

50
Q

Literally, a “friend of the court” brief, filed by an individual or organization to present arguments in addition to those presented by the immediate parties to a case.

A

amicus curiae brief

51
Q

Tried to increase voter turnout by allowing voter registration at same time as getting or renewing driver’s license. Increased the registration rate, but not the voter turnout rate (people still apathetic or not motivated to vote)

A

Motor Voter Act of 1993

52
Q

the citizens eligible to vote

A

electorate

53
Q

voting for candidates of different parties for different offices at the same election

A

split-ticket voting

54
Q

practice of voting for candidates of only one party in an election

A

straight ticket voting

55
Q

campaign contributions donated directly to candidates

A

hard money

56
Q

Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law, usually given to parties and party committees to help fund general party activities.

A

soft money

57
Q

a proposed law or policy change that is placed on the ballot by citizens or interest groups for a popular vote

A

ballot initiative

58
Q

A state-level method of direct legislation that gives voters a chance to approve or disapprove proposed legislation or a proposed constitutional amendment.

A

referendum

59
Q

government censorship of information before it is published or broadcast

A

prior restraint

60
Q

voting based on the imagined future performance of a candidate

A

prospective voting

61
Q

voting based on the past performance of a candidate

A

retrospective voting

62
Q

An FCC requirement that broadcasters who air programs on controversial issues provide time for opposing views

A

Fairness Doctrine

63
Q

The process through which ideas and information are filtered for publication

A

gatekeeping

64
Q

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling the money supply and thus interest rates.

A

monetary policy

65
Q

Government policy that attempts to manage the economy by controlling taxing and spending.

A

fiscal policy

66
Q

Experienced great economic prosperity, job security, optimism about their future

A

Baby Boomers

67
Q

generational cohort of people born between 1965 and 1980

A

Gen X

68
Q

people born between 1981 and 1996

A

Millennials

69
Q

secular realignment

A

political affiliation shifts due to demographic changes

70
Q

superdelegate

A

usually a party leader or activist who is not pledged to a candidate based on the outcome of the state’s primary or caucus

71
Q

proportional representation

A

An election system in which each party running receives the proportion of legislative seats corresponding to its proportion of the vote.

72
Q

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (BCRA)

A

Attempted to ban soft money by regulating issue advocacy and party building activities

73
Q

contrast ad

A

ad that compares the records and proposals of the candidates, with a bias toward the candidate sponsoring the ad

74
Q

conventional political participation

A

activism that attempts to influence the political process through commonly accepted forms of persuasion such as voting or letter writing

75
Q

crossover voting

A

participation in the primary of a party with which the voter is not affiliated

76
Q

front-loading

A

The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention.

77
Q

inoculation ad

A

advertising that attempts to counteract an anticipated attack from the opposition before the attack is launched

78
Q

presidential coattails

A

When voters vote for members of the President’s party because they like the President

CHS Gov (6 decks)

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