Political Ideologies Flashcards
Key constituents of an ideology
Universal and systematic political doctrine based on scientific and rational principles
Key texts of Liberalism
Adam Smiths “wealth of nations” 1776
JS Mill ‘On liberty” 1859
Adam Smith’s book
“wealth of nations’ 1776
JS Mill’s Book
“on Liberty” 1859
Takeaways from Adam Smith’s book
Introduced economic liberalism
believed in concept of a free market
Takeaways from JS Mill’s book
Paved foundations for political liberalism
Outlined basic liberties
Outlined Harm principle
what was Isiah Berlin;s ideology on liberaty
“Two concepts of liberty” 1969
What are the two forms of libery (according to Belrin)
Negative- state has a negative duty- to not interfere with indivudal’s rights. Just has to protect rights
Positive- State has positive duties to provide basic neccesities to citizens
Who are the modern welfare liberalist thinkers
Thomas Green
John Manyard Keynes
Thomas Marshall
What is John Manyard Keynes’ theory
“General theory of Employment, interset, and Money” 1938
- State intervention is necessary to ensure positive rights to give people the capacity to do what they need to do.
Why did welfar liberalism arise and when
due to industrial revolution and great depression of 1920s
What is libertarianism
Like liberalism BUT with no government inteference, even for basic neccesities. Lies on the principle that citizens know what is best can live without government interference
Modern republican texts and thinkers
Jean Jacques Rousseau “Social contract” 1762
The american Constitution 1776
Outline the tenets of republicanism
anti-monarchicial
Government has virtue to protect civilians against threats to the rpublic
No one individual has power over governing
Factionalism
What is factionalism
republican idea that the republic should be a union
Key Conservative thinker and text
Edmund Burke- relfections on the revolution n france 1790
Key tenets of Burkes conservatism
Organic View of society
- Society isnt just the sum of its parts, but an organic whole with a past and future society
Pessimism on human nature
- People must be ‘kept in check’ by gov/ military
inequality/ hierarchy
What two ideologies does neoconservatism combine
Fiscal conservatism and Social conservatism
Explain Economic neoliberalism
Minimal gov intervention
Cut taxes
Maximisation of individul markets and businesses
Explain social conservatism
Increased state control functions and spending
Increase military spending
Pro-traditional values
Define nationalism
Belief that people are divided into nations, each nation has the right to self-determination. (self governing units within states or nation states themselves)
Define facism
Extreme form of nationalism accompanied by racial, social and moral ideas
Anti-enlightenment (rejects liberalism, democracy, reason and individualism. Individuals should be servient to the state
When did Facism emerge`
20th Century
Key factors in anarchism
rejection of the state (viewed as illegitimate orgnaisation that exercises force over individuals
Key texts in Socialism
Karl Marx- Communist manifesto 1848
Eduard Bernstein- Evolutionary Socialism 1899
What did Eduard Bernstein believe in
Evolutionary socialism- can evolve to socialism within the existing capitalist system
tenets of socialism
Economics and technology determines history
Class conflicts can only be eliminated in Socialism
Utopia- free education and health, abolition of family, resdistribution of income
What is the origin of the world Republican
Res publia- everything is public
Define dialectical materialism
Marx’s theory that we should look at the material basis of our existence
Who is the father of the modern Canadian welfare state
Tommy Douglas
What is the Harm principle
idea that individuals have full freedom unless their actions cause harm to someone else/ infringe on others’ rights
