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POLI 100 > Political Ideologies > Flashcards

Political Ideologies Flashcards

1
Q

Key constituents of an ideology

A

Universal and systematic political doctrine based on scientific and rational principles

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2
Q

Key texts of Liberalism

A

Adam Smiths “wealth of nations” 1776

JS Mill ‘On liberty” 1859

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3
Q

Adam Smith’s book

A

“wealth of nations’ 1776

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4
Q

JS Mill’s Book

A

“on Liberty” 1859

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5
Q

Takeaways from Adam Smith’s book

A

Introduced economic liberalism

believed in concept of a free market

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6
Q

Takeaways from JS Mill’s book

A

Paved foundations for political liberalism
Outlined basic liberties
Outlined Harm principle

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7
Q

what was Isiah Berlin;s ideology on liberaty

A

“Two concepts of liberty” 1969

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8
Q

What are the two forms of libery (according to Belrin)

A

Negative- state has a negative duty- to not interfere with indivudal’s rights. Just has to protect rights

Positive- State has positive duties to provide basic neccesities to citizens

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9
Q

Who are the modern welfare liberalist thinkers

A

Thomas Green
John Manyard Keynes
Thomas Marshall

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10
Q

What is John Manyard Keynes’ theory

A

“General theory of Employment, interset, and Money” 1938

- State intervention is necessary to ensure positive rights to give people the capacity to do what they need to do.

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11
Q

Why did welfar liberalism arise and when

A

due to industrial revolution and great depression of 1920s

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12
Q

What is libertarianism

A

Like liberalism BUT with no government inteference, even for basic neccesities. Lies on the principle that citizens know what is best can live without government interference

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13
Q

Modern republican texts and thinkers

A

Jean Jacques Rousseau “Social contract” 1762

The american Constitution 1776

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14
Q

Outline the tenets of republicanism

A

anti-monarchicial
Government has virtue to protect civilians against threats to the rpublic
No one individual has power over governing

Factionalism

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15
Q

What is factionalism

A

republican idea that the republic should be a union

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16
Q

Key Conservative thinker and text

A

Edmund Burke- relfections on the revolution n france 1790

17
Q

Key tenets of Burkes conservatism

A

Organic View of society
- Society isnt just the sum of its parts, but an organic whole with a past and future society

Pessimism on human nature
- People must be ‘kept in check’ by gov/ military

inequality/ hierarchy

18
Q

What two ideologies does neoconservatism combine

A

Fiscal conservatism and Social conservatism

19
Q

Explain Economic neoliberalism

A

Minimal gov intervention
Cut taxes
Maximisation of individul markets and businesses

20
Q

Explain social conservatism

A

Increased state control functions and spending
Increase military spending
Pro-traditional values

21
Q

Define nationalism

A

Belief that people are divided into nations, each nation has the right to self-determination. (self governing units within states or nation states themselves)

22
Q

Define facism

A

Extreme form of nationalism accompanied by racial, social and moral ideas

Anti-enlightenment (rejects liberalism, democracy, reason and individualism. Individuals should be servient to the state

23
Q

When did Facism emerge`

A

20th Century

24
Q

Key factors in anarchism

A

rejection of the state (viewed as illegitimate orgnaisation that exercises force over individuals

25
Q

Key texts in Socialism

A

Karl Marx- Communist manifesto 1848

Eduard Bernstein- Evolutionary Socialism 1899

26
Q

What did Eduard Bernstein believe in

A

Evolutionary socialism- can evolve to socialism within the existing capitalist system

27
Q

tenets of socialism

A

Economics and technology determines history
Class conflicts can only be eliminated in Socialism
Utopia- free education and health, abolition of family, resdistribution of income

28
Q

What is the origin of the world Republican

A

Res publia- everything is public

29
Q

Define dialectical materialism

A

Marx’s theory that we should look at the material basis of our existence

30
Q

Who is the father of the modern Canadian welfare state

A

Tommy Douglas

31
Q

What is the Harm principle

A

idea that individuals have full freedom unless their actions cause harm to someone else/ infringe on others’ rights

POLI 100 (7 decks)

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