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History - Unit Three (USA) > Political Developments Post-1950 > Flashcards

Political Developments Post-1950 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are three reasons why suburbia grew in the 1950s?

A
  • Suburbia was seen as a place to raise children away from the horrors of the city
  • Houses were cheap and came with low-interest mortgages
  • Cars meant people no longer had to live near their workplaces
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2
Q

What were mod-cons?

A

New goods such as cars and hi-fis. Owning mod-cons was seen as a status symbol between people.

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3
Q

What percentage of families lived in suburbia by 1960?

A

20%

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4
Q

By 1960 what percentage of homes had a TV?

A

1960

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5
Q

How did women in the suburbs feel?

A

Bored and isolated. Often they filled their calendars with pointless social engagements such as Tupperware parties.

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6
Q

What term is often used to describe the 1950s?

A

The Affluent Society

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7
Q

Why was there a religious revival in the 1950s?

A
  • The government encouraged religion as a defence against communism
  • People went to meet new friends
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8
Q

How much did church attendance increase by between 1940 and 1960?

A

15%

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9
Q

Was the Affluent Society beneficial for all?

A

+Lots of jobs with higher wages

+Lots of people experienced a higher standard of living

-22% of the population were in poverty

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10
Q

What was HUAC?

A

The House of UN-American Activities Committee worked closely with Sen Joe McCarthy to find communists and eliminate them.

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11
Q

Why were people afraid of being accused of being a communist?

A

Being accused would mean losing your job and having your social life ruined.

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12
Q

When was McCarthyism?

A

1950-54

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13
Q

How many state workers did McCarthy accuse?

A

205

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14
Q

How many people were made redundant by McCarthy?

A

9,500

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15
Q

How many people did McCarthy imprison?

A

400

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16
Q

What was the Hollywood 10?

A

A group of 10 Hollywood writers and directors who were accused of communism by HUAC. They were all sacked and spent a year in prison.

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17
Q

Why did McCarthyism come to an end?

A

In 1953 he televised a trial which revealed him to be a bully. In 1954 his methods were condemned by the Senate.

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18
Q

What did the Senate accuse Joe McCarthy of in 1954?

A
  • Contempt of a Senate elections sub-committee
  • Abuse
  • Insults during his trial
  • Attacks on the army
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19
Q

Why was JFK a surprise president?

A

Because he was a Catholic and the Democrats usually chose Protestants.

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20
Q

What were Kennedy’s policies called?

A

The New Frontier

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21
Q

What economic measures did the New Frontier introduce?

A
  • Cut income tax
  • Increased spend on space and defence
  • Capped prices AND wages
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22
Q

What social reforms did the New Frontier introduce?

A
  • Raised minimum wage
  • Housing Act allowed grants for renovations
  • Pensions
  • Job-seekers allowances
  • Slim clearances
23
Q

How did the New Fromtier try to further civil rights?

A
  • Appointed black judges
  • Supported desegregated education
  • Tried to pass the Civil Rights Bill
24
Q

What was the opposition to JFK?

A
  • He was very young
  • Not a WASP
  • He was pro-Civil Rights
  • More style than substance
25
Q

What was the Great Society?

A

Johnson’s deceleration of war on poverty. It was largely a continuation of the New Frontier.

26
Q

What economic measures did the Great Society introduce?

A
  • Cut taxes
  • Improved public transport
  • Economic Opportunities Act tried to deal with youth unemployment
27
Q

What social reforms did the Great Society introduce?

A
  • Medical Care Act introduced free healthcare for over-65s
  • Food Stamps
  • Increased minimum wage
28
Q

How did the Great Society further Civil Rights?

A
  • Civil Rights Act
  • Voting Rights Act
  • Allowed mixed marriages
29
Q

What was the opposition to LBJ?

A
  • Undermining “laissez-faire”
  • Accused of overspending
  • He got America involved in the Vietnam War
30
Q

What was CREEP?

A

The Committee to Re-Elect the President was set up by Nixon to help him win his second term by any means possible.

31
Q

How much money did Nixon pay CREEP?

A

$60,000,000

32
Q

What did CREEP famously do?

A

They broke into the Democrat offices at Watergate and were caught trying to bug the offices and taking pictures of key documents.

33
Q

How did Nixon react to his men being caught in the Watergate building?

A

He denied all knowledge and bribed key participants to keep quiet.

34
Q

What newspaper investigated CREEP? Why?

A

The Washington Post because they were convinced that a cover up was going on.

35
Q

What did the Washington Post uncover about Nixon?

A

They found that he had paid CREEP to do various illegal jobs. Furthermore, he had taped all their meetings and phone calls so the Washington Post demanded for the tapes to be released.

36
Q

How did Nixon react to the Washington Post’s demands?

A

He initially refused and then gave heavily edited versions. Eventually he surrendered the full tapes.

37
Q

When the full tapes of the CREEP meetings were released, what did Nixon do?

A

He resigned to avoid impeachment and his successor, Gerald Ford, gave him a presidential pardon.

38
Q

How did the Watergate scandal damage the presidency?

A
  • Nixom resigned
  • 31 advisors were arrested
  • There was distrust in the federal system
39
Q

How did the government try to stop repeat of Watergate?

A
  • The Election Campaign Act set limits on campaign contributions
  • Privacy Act made all government files public domain
40
Q

What was Reagan’s first bill as president of the USA? What did it do?

A

The Economic Recovery Tax Act which cut taxes by $33billion and cut social welfare spending by $20 billion.

41
Q

What happened in the wake of the Economic Recovery Tax Act?

A

The country plunged into recession and Reagan was forced to put taxes up by $9.1billion.

42
Q

Where was a lot of Reagan’s money going?

A

His Star Wars programme - a space-based defence system to protect the USA from nuclear attack. This costed $26billion.

43
Q

How much debt did Reagan leave the government in when he left the Oval Office?

A

$1 trillion

44
Q

What name is used to refer to Reagan’s economic strategy?

A

Reaganomics

45
Q

What were the two significant acts passed by George Bush Snr?

A
  • Americans With Disabilities Act

* Clean Air Act

46
Q

What was the Americans With Disabilities Act?

A

An act which stopped prejudice to disabled people in the workplace. It is widely considered the most important anti-discrimination act since the Civil Rights Act.

47
Q

What was the Clean Air Act?

A

An act which focuses on reducing urban smog, acid rain and industrial emissions of toxic chemicals.

48
Q

What was the unemployment level at the end of Bush Snr’s term of office?

A

7.8%

49
Q

What was Bill Clinton’s aim when he became president?

A

To clear the budget deficit and increase federal government spending and investment in education and welfare.

50
Q

What did Bill Clinton do with the budget?

A

He balanced it for the first time since 1969 in 1998.

51
Q

What political developments were there during Bill Clinton’s presidency?

A
  • North American Free Trade Agreement made Canada and Mexico a free trading block with the USA
  • Increased the minimum wage
  • Failed to introduce universal single-payer healthcare
52
Q

What were the economic developments under Bill Clinton?

A
  • Balanced the budget
  • Stock market value tripled
  • Largest period of sustainable growth in US history
53
Q

When was the Whitewater scandal? What was it?

A
  1. Two former business associates were convicted of multiple fraud over a housing development in Arkansas. Clinton was alleged to have been involved.
54
Q

What was the Monica Lewinsky scandal?

A

Clinton had an affair with his secretary and at first denied it but was forced to admit it on national television when evidence was found. He was threatened with impeachment but the Senate found him not guilty.

History - Unit Three (USA) (6 decks)

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