political consolidation Flashcards
Political power?
European kings benefited from the Reformation because the Catholic Church lost its political power
Who was the founder of the printing press?
Johahh Gutenberg Was the founder of the printing press and made it so much easier to make writers words reach a wide audience and European work with them to make their idea heard
what is the protestant Reformation?
Were rebellions against the Roman Catholic church weakened religious and political control of the church and permanent divide (Catholics vs protestants)
When did the Protestant reformation start and was causing it?
The Reformation began in 1517 when a monk Martin Luther was protesting against the church and made his 95 Theses: Which were the 95 propositions that criticized the church particularly in indulgence or grants of salvation in return for money. Many other Christians were involved and questioning. Later Luther was excommunicated from the church, but his work inspired the protestant movement.
Who is Voltaire?
Voltaire attacks the Catholic Church, and he pushed for freedom of religion, freedom of expression, and separation of church and state.
Who is Rousseau?
Rousseau argued that the general will of the people could not be decided by electives. He believed in a direct democracy in which everyone voted to express the general will and to make the laws of the land.
Who is Beccaria?
He believed that all persons are held innocent until they have been declared guilty
Who is locke?
its recognition of the rights and equality of individuals
Who is Montesquieu?
His political theory work, particularly the idea of separation of powers
Who is Hobbes?
He introduced a social contract theory based on the relation between the absolute sovereign and the civil society.
Who is Smith?
Smith argued for free trade and free markets
