Political Flashcards
What dynastic threats did Henry VII face in 1486?
Lovel and Stafford
What dynastic threats did Henry VII face in 1487?
Simnel pretended to be the Earl of Warwick (Lovel and Margaret were opponents and the Earl of Lincoln was dissatisfied with his position as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland)
Kildare and 40 nobles believed their end would be best served by overthrowing the king
What dynastic threats did Henry VII face in the 1490s?
Warbeck pretended to be the Duke of York
Backed by France, Burgundy, and Scotland
What dynastic threats did Henry VIII face?
No dynastic challenge as the dynasty had established itself
POG rebels wanted Mary to be legitimised
Concerns that the succession would pass to Scotland following the Truce of Ayton
What dynastic threats did Mary I face?
Devise of 1553 aimed to exclude Mary from the succession and Northumberland wished to hold on to power
Wyatt in 1553 feared the consequences of Mary’s marriage to Phillip and the exclusion of Elizabeth
What dynastic threat did Elizabeth I face in 1569?
‘the preservation of the person or the Queen of Scots as next heir’
What dynastic threat did Elizabeth I face in 1601?
Essex endeared himself to James VI
If he could replace councillors with those ‘sympathetic to the prospect of a Scottish monarch, he would be rewarded as the kingmaker’
What did the Cornish rebels of 1497 do?
Dubbed Reginald Bray and John Morton (lord chancellor) as ‘evil advisers’
What happened in 1525 regarding councillors?
Suffolk protestors complained of Wolsey
How did the issue of evil councillors feature in the POG rebellion?
Lord Dary was convinced that Cromwell was the ‘chief causer of all this rebellion and mischief’
Rebels argued that ‘persons as be of low birth and small reputation’ had exploited their power (Cromwell was a merchant)
Cromwell, Cramner, Audley, and Rich were targets in ballads/manifestoes
Pilgrims swore an oath to expel all ‘villein blood and evil councillors from his Grace and his privy council’
What did Wyatt claim in 1554?
That ‘we seek no harm to the Queen but better counsel and councillors’
What did the northern earls think in 1569?
Held William Cecil responsible for their revolt
What happened in the 1530s?
The emergence of the privy council eclipsed the Great Council and factions emerged
How did the issue of factionalism feature in the Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion?
Sir Robert Constable opposed the divorce
Lincoln rebels included disaffected pro-Aragonese supporters at court: Sir Robert Dymoke - chancellor -, Sir Christopher Willougby - a knight of the body -, and Lord Hussey - chamberlain to Mary
How did factionalism feature in 1569?
Westmorland and Northumberland were in decline
Held Cecil responsible for ill-advised policies and the succession
Planned for Mary QoS to marry the Duke of Norfolk
What were the grievances of Westmorland and Northumberland?
Westmorland was in financial difficulties
Northumberland was no longer a political force in the north and resented his wardenship of the middle marches going to a local rival
Who was Essex against and why?
Cecil who was Master of the Court of Wards and chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster: held all of the aces
Clients like Cobham and Buckhurst dominated court patronage
Who looked to Essex for patronage?
The earls of Rutland and Bedford
What did Essex say and why?
That the Queen ‘hath thrust me down to a private life’
Suspended from privy council, banned from court, and in financial difficulties when the Queen rescinded his wine patent
What did Essex believe Cecil and his clients were?
Profit driven ‘base-upstarts’ and ‘caterpillars’
What were the Cornish rebellions due to?
A feeling that they ought to be treated difficulty from the rest of the country
What did the northern counties complain of?
That they were being ruled by ‘strangers’
That their wealth was being drained by Londoners
That the traditional nobility had less of a say in how the counties north of the River Trent were governed
What was being taken out of the northerners control and what was forcibly given?
Stewardships of royal manors, custodianships of castles, and the wardenships of marches
Manors
What happened in the 1530s?
Ecclesiastical liberties enjoyed by areas such as Durham and Beverly were surrendered to the Crown
What did the POG and the northern earls petition for?
A northern Parliament to redress local issues
What did the northern earls say the aim of the rebellion was?
‘the restoring of all ancient customs and liberties to God and this noble realm
What had been the case until 1534?
The Kildares had acted as the Crowns deputy lieutenants in Ireland
What did Ireland come to do?
Resent interference
What happened in 1532?
Cromwell began to favour Kildare’s rivals for government offices and the earl resented his decline
Henry VIII doubted whether he would enforce the Act of Appeals
What was Silken Thomas’ objective?
To expel the English administration and rule Ireland
What did Sir James Layburne declare in 1536?
‘if we may enjoy our old ancient customs we have no cause to rise’
Why did O’Neill’s rebellion begin in 1558-67?
O’Neill wanted to rule Ulster and murdered his brother
Stirred up resentment
Elizabeth recognised him as the ‘O’Neill’ an the captain of Tyrone, but was soon plotting with Charles IX and Mary QoS
Claimed to be the true defender of the faith
What happened in Fitzgerald’s rebellion and why? 1/2
Fitzgerald resented attempts to colonise Ireland, martial law, and that the Earl of Desmond had been put in the tower
Claimed Elizabeth wanted to introduce ‘another newly invented kind of religion’
Disliked plantations and the treatment of the native Irish
What happened in Fitzgerald’s rebellion and why? 2/2
Saw an opportunity in 1979 to rally the Catholic Irish
1970 ex-communication
Disliked colonists and the Dublin administration
All counties rose up, the Pope gave his blessing, and 600 Spanish troops were sent
