Political

Question 1

What dynastic threats did Henry VII face in 1486?

Answer 1

Lovel and Stafford

Question 2

What dynastic threats did Henry VII face in 1487?

Answer 2

Simnel pretended to be the Earl of Warwick (Lovel and Margaret were opponents and the Earl of Lincoln was dissatisfied with his position as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland)

Kildare and 40 nobles believed their end would be best served by overthrowing the king

Question 3

What dynastic threats did Henry VII face in the 1490s?

Answer 3

Warbeck pretended to be the Duke of York

Backed by France, Burgundy, and Scotland

Question 4

What dynastic threats did Henry VIII face?

Answer 4

No dynastic challenge as the dynasty had established itself

POG rebels wanted Mary to be legitimised

Concerns that the succession would pass to Scotland following the Truce of Ayton

Question 5

What dynastic threats did Mary I face?

Answer 5

Devise of 1553 aimed to exclude Mary from the succession and Northumberland wished to hold on to power

Wyatt in 1553 feared the consequences of Mary’s marriage to Phillip and the exclusion of Elizabeth

Question 6

What dynastic threat did Elizabeth I face in 1569?

Answer 6

‘the preservation of the person or the Queen of Scots as next heir’

Question 7

What dynastic threat did Elizabeth I face in 1601?

Answer 7

Essex endeared himself to James VI

If he could replace councillors with those ‘sympathetic to the prospect of a Scottish monarch, he would be rewarded as the kingmaker’

Question 8

What did the Cornish rebels of 1497 do?

Answer 8

Dubbed Reginald Bray and John Morton (lord chancellor) as ‘evil advisers’

Question 9

What happened in 1525 regarding councillors?

Answer 9

Suffolk protestors complained of Wolsey

Question 10

How did the issue of evil councillors feature in the POG rebellion?

Answer 10

Lord Dary was convinced that Cromwell was the ‘chief causer of all this rebellion and mischief’

Rebels argued that ‘persons as be of low birth and small reputation’ had exploited their power (Cromwell was a merchant)

Cromwell, Cramner, Audley, and Rich were targets in ballads/manifestoes

Pilgrims swore an oath to expel all ‘villein blood and evil councillors from his Grace and his privy council’

Question 11

What did Wyatt claim in 1554?

Answer 11

That ‘we seek no harm to the Queen but better counsel and councillors’

Question 12

What did the northern earls think in 1569?

Answer 12

Held William Cecil responsible for their revolt

Question 13

What happened in the 1530s?

Answer 13

The emergence of the privy council eclipsed the Great Council and factions emerged

Question 14

How did the issue of factionalism feature in the Pilgrimage of Grace rebellion?

Answer 14

Sir Robert Constable opposed the divorce

Lincoln rebels included disaffected pro-Aragonese supporters at court: Sir Robert Dymoke - chancellor -, Sir Christopher Willougby - a knight of the body -, and Lord Hussey - chamberlain to Mary

Question 15

How did factionalism feature in 1569?

Answer 15

Westmorland and Northumberland were in decline

Held Cecil responsible for ill-advised policies and the succession

Planned for Mary QoS to marry the Duke of Norfolk

Question 16

What were the grievances of Westmorland and Northumberland?

Answer 16

Westmorland was in financial difficulties

Northumberland was no longer a political force in the north and resented his wardenship of the middle marches going to a local rival

Question 17

Who was Essex against and why?

Answer 17

Cecil who was Master of the Court of Wards and chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster: held all of the aces

Clients like Cobham and Buckhurst dominated court patronage

Question 18

Who looked to Essex for patronage?

Answer 18

The earls of Rutland and Bedford

Question 19

What did Essex say and why?

Answer 19

That the Queen ‘hath thrust me down to a private life’

Suspended from privy council, banned from court, and in financial difficulties when the Queen rescinded his wine patent

Question 20

What did Essex believe Cecil and his clients were?

Answer 20

Profit driven ‘base-upstarts’ and ‘caterpillars’

Question 21

What were the Cornish rebellions due to?

Answer 21

A feeling that they ought to be treated difficulty from the rest of the country

Question 22

What did the northern counties complain of?

Answer 22

That they were being ruled by ‘strangers’

That their wealth was being drained by Londoners

That the traditional nobility had less of a say in how the counties north of the River Trent were governed

Question 23

What was being taken out of the northerners control and what was forcibly given?

Answer 23

Stewardships of royal manors, custodianships of castles, and the wardenships of marches

Manors

Question 24

What happened in the 1530s?

Answer 24

Ecclesiastical liberties enjoyed by areas such as Durham and Beverly were surrendered to the Crown

Question 25

What did the POG and the northern earls petition for?

Answer 25

A northern Parliament to redress local issues

Question 26

What did the northern earls say the aim of the rebellion was?

Answer 26

‘the restoring of all ancient customs and liberties to God and this noble realm

Question 27

What had been the case until 1534?

Answer 27

The Kildares had acted as the Crowns deputy lieutenants in Ireland

Question 28

What did Ireland come to do?

Answer 28

Resent interference

Question 29

What happened in 1532?

Answer 29

Cromwell began to favour Kildare’s rivals for government offices and the earl resented his decline

Henry VIII doubted whether he would enforce the Act of Appeals

Question 30

What was Silken Thomas’ objective?

Answer 30

To expel the English administration and rule Ireland

Question 31

What did Sir James Layburne declare in 1536?

Answer 31

‘if we may enjoy our old ancient customs we have no cause to rise’

Question 32

Why did O’Neill’s rebellion begin in 1558-67?

Answer 32

O’Neill wanted to rule Ulster and murdered his brother

Stirred up resentment

Elizabeth recognised him as the ‘O’Neill’ an the captain of Tyrone, but was soon plotting with Charles IX and Mary QoS

Claimed to be the true defender of the faith

Question 33

What happened in Fitzgerald’s rebellion and why? 1/2

Answer 33

Fitzgerald resented attempts to colonise Ireland, martial law, and that the Earl of Desmond had been put in the tower

Claimed Elizabeth wanted to introduce ‘another newly invented kind of religion’

Disliked plantations and the treatment of the native Irish

Question 34

What happened in Fitzgerald’s rebellion and why? 2/2

Answer 34

Saw an opportunity in 1979 to rally the Catholic Irish

1970 ex-communication

Disliked colonists and the Dublin administration

All counties rose up, the Pope gave his blessing, and 600 Spanish troops were sent