Policy & Intro Info Flashcards
Globalization:
rapidly changing exchanges of information, linkages of societies, and economics
Environmental trends that are causing changes in global disease: (2)
Climate Change
Resource Diminishing
What effect can climate change and resource diminishing have on disease? (4)
Disease emergence in new areas
Expansion of disease vectors
Habitat changes of vector predators (birds, bats, etc)
Natural Disasters that impact animals
Public Policy:
Government policies that affect the whole population
*Fundamental basis is LAW
Three things interconnected by public policy:
Scientific Evidence
Social Infrastructure
Political Will
What are the uses of critical thinking?
evaluate the arguments of others
resolve conflicts
come to well-reasoned resolutions to complex problems
Wicked Problems:
a problem that is difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements that are often difficult to recognize
Roles of the State Veterinarian:
Provide leadership on animal health issues within their state
Coordinate with USDA APHIS VS to implement national animal health programs
Communicate to public & others on animal health issues
Determine import requirements for animals coming into their state
Role of State Public Health Veterinarians
Serves as subject matter expert in zoonotic diseases
The primary point of contact for federal govt. in response to zoonotic disease
Consultant for local health departments
Zoonotic Disease guidelines & policies developer
Technical information provider in regard to legislative issues associated with zoonotic disease
Zoonotic Disease surveillance
Works with other state agencies
Assists with public information & media requests
Three Components of USDA APHIS VS
Field Operations
Strategy and Policy
Diagnostics and Biologics
USDA APHIS VS responsibilities regarding FADs
Prevent entry of exotic disease from foreign countries
Respond rapidly and effectively to control or eradicate such disease if they do get into the US
Head of USDA APHIS VS:
Deputy Administrator
Serves as CVO for animal health for the US
Serves as US Delegate for WOAH
Role of USDA FSIS:
Protects the consumer by ensuring that meat, poultry, and processed egg products are safe, wholesome and accurately labelled
Actions taken by USDA FSIS:
Prevent diseased animals from entering food supply
Examine carcasses and parts for pathology and other visible defects
inspect products through processing, packaging, and handling
Prevent the use of food as a weapon
Responsibilities of the FDA:
Responsible for protecting public health by ensuring safety, efficacy, and security of human & vet drugs, biologics, and medical devices
Ensuring safety if non-poultry, egg, and meat food supply & other things
Regulates animal feed
WOAH:
International standard setting body relative to animal health NOT an enforcement organization
Actions of WOAH:
Ensures transparency in global animal disease situations
Collects/analyzes/disseminates vet sci info
Encourages international solidarity in the control of animal diseases
Publishes health standards for international trade of animals & animal products
Improve legal framework and resources
Better guarantee of food of animal origin and promotes animal welfare
Roles of the private practitioner in the animal health infrastructure:
Eyes and ears of animal health system
Report suspicious animal health situations
Communication
Who do you contact if your client wants to ship their dog internationally?
USDA
Who do you contact if your client wants to send a dog to Florida?
State Vet of Florida
Who do you contact if you client wants to import sheep from New Zealand
USDA
Who are you going to contact if you see vesicles on the feet of a cow?
State Vet or USDA
Who are you going to contact if your client is a livestock producer and is planning to visit a farm in Thailand but wants to know if they have FMD there?
WOAH
or USDA
Who are you going to contact if your client brings in a cat that you suspect may have rabies?
State Public Health Vet
Ecology:
The branch of biology that deals with the relationships of organisms to one another and their physical surroundings
Ecosystems:
The complex of living organisms, their physical environment, and all their interrelationships in a particular unit of space
Supporting ecosystem services:
Nutrient cycling
Soil Production
Global Water Cyce
Indicator of ecosystem health:
Biodiversity
Global authority on species extinction risk:
International Union for Conservation of Nature
Threats to biodiversity:
Habitat change/loss
Overexploitation
Climate change
Pollution
Biological Invasions
Questions of the ecological approach to infectious disease:
Why do the patterns fo disease occur as they do?
What variables are important in influencing disease patterns
Niche:
The set of biotic & abiotic conditions in the environment that defines the limit of a species’ ability to survive
What determines the dynamics of the infectious disease:
Overlap in time-space niches
Disease ecology:
Study of underlying principles that influence the spatial and temporal patterns of disease
