Policy development (Yellow booklet)

Question 1

formal policies Y

Answer 1

linked to official ideas to prevent crimes

Question 2

informal policies Y

Answer 2

linked to non official ideas to prevent crimes

Question 3

Zero tolerance Y

Answer 3

it shows that the crime will not be tolerated and will reduce the desire of others

Question 4

CCTV Y

Answer 4

criminals are able to be identified so they can’t recommit

Question 5

Long prison sentences Y

Answer 5

they have little to no freedom
criminals will be less likely to commit crimes so they won’t get locked up

Question 6

what is the Death Penalty Y

Answer 6

• a state authorised execution of convicted criminals deemed to dangerous to allow to live
• often provided for the most severe offences
• it was abolished in 1965

Question 7

how does the death penalty link to biological theories Y

Answer 7

• criminals are biologically abnormal
• it prevent criminals from committing again

Question 8

does the death penalty work (for and against) Y

Answer 8

for
- has a 100% success rate for prevention

against
- murder rate is higher in states that do not have the death penalty

Question 9

what is neurochemical treatment Y

Answer 9

• a legal body chemical treatment that has been used since 1944 to reduce to level of testosterone to lower sexual desire
• was firstly used for sex offenders

Question 10

how does neurochemical treatment link to biological theories Y

Answer 10

criminals suffer from biological abnormalities

Question 11

does neurochemical treatment work (for and against) Y

Answer 11

for
- it can cut reoffending rates from 40%-5%
- reduces motivation
- they can still participate in society

against
- usually only lasts for 3-5 years
- it is anticipated only a small number of offenders will benefit

Question 12

what is zero tolerance policy Y

Answer 12

• it imposes strict punishments for infrastructures of a stated rules, with the intention of eliminating undesirable conducts
• the NYPD use computers to analysis crime hotspots street by street and crime by crime

Question 13

how does zero tolerance policy link to sociological theories Y

Answer 13

• links to right realism but specifically ration choice
• if all criminals are rational thinkers who weigh up the costs and benefits of each crime, ztp would cause the costs to outweigh the benefits, deterring the criminal
• this theory should then reduce offending

Question 14

does zero tolerance policy work (for and against) Y

Answer 14

for
- major crime in NYC has fallen by 39% and murder has fallen 49% due to the policy

against
- crime doesn’t disappear, but gets displaced
- this theory increased labelling
- doesn’t seem to work in areas where the population is sparse and high racial tension

Question 15

what is CCTV Y

Answer 15

• acts as a formal method of surveillance within society, recording and monitoring public behaviour
• included images from cameras on streets and businesses
• it can track a persons movement

Question 16

how does cctv link to sociological theories Y

Answer 16

• links to right realism, specifically ration choice theory
• if criminals are rational thinkers cctv would cause the costs to outweigh the benefits as they can get caught
• this theory prevents offending

Question 17

does cctv work (for and against) Y

Answer 17

for
- the college of policing ‘effects of cctv on crime’ identified that cctv can make a ‘small but statistically significant reduction in crime’
- cctv can offer and effective deterrent against crimes such as trespass, burglary, car theft and car crimes

against
- less effective to violent crimes as these tend to be impulsive
- less effective in preventing quick crimes
- cctv systems in public areas are being reduced