policy and development (population etc.) Flashcards
what is a government budget
a projection of the governments revenues and spendings of a fiscal year
what is a budget deficit
when spending > revenue
what is a budget surplus
when revenue > spending
what is national debt
Total of all debts owed by the goverment of a country
what is public sector borrowing
the amt. of money a gov needs each yr to finance a shortfall of revenue below expenditure
what r the 2 demand side policies
fiscal and monetary
what is expansionary and contractionary fiscal
stimulates AD by reducing taxes and increase public spending
contractionary does the opposite
what is expansionary and contractionary monetary
stimulates AD by reducing interest rates and increase money supply
contractionary does the opposite
list 2 types of poverty
absolute relative
what is absolute poverty
state in which people lack the basic needs of food, water and shelter
what is relative poverty
when households receive 50% less than avg. household incomes
list 2 poverty indices
human development index and human poverty index
define foreign aid
any type of assistance one country voluntarily transfers to another. This can occur thru capital, food, supplies or services such as humanitarian aid and military assistance
what is a population explosion
sudden large increase in the size of a population
what is birth rate
no, of ppl born per 1000 people
what is death rate
the no. of people who die per 1000 people
what is population growth rate
the difference between birth and death rate
birth rate formula
no. of births/population * 1000
death rate formula
no. of deaths/population * 1000
what is net migration
Net migration is the difference between emigration and immigration to and from a country.Increase in net migration will lead to increase in population.
dependancy ratio formula
dependant population/working population
what is dependant population
people that rely on labor force to produce the goods and services they want
what is optimum population
optimum population allows a country to maximise output per head of the population from its existing resources
