Policy

Question 1

Informal

Policy making

Answer 1

Community lead appraoches to reduce and control the number of crimes

Question 2

Formal

Policy making

Answer 2

Crime control policies- laws that have been out in place to reduce crimnal acts

Question 3

State punishment policies

policy making

Answer 3

Punishments that are put in place after a crime has been commited

Question 4

Penal populism

Answer 4

When society pressure can make law makers change the laws,
+makes social changes
-fills prisons quicker
+safer for communites

James Bulger Criminal Age Reduction

Question 5

Zero Tolerance

Answer 5

Started in NYC in 1944 as a result of high levels of drug offences, and increase in spot crimes, jail and ASBO
Went hard on minor crimianl activity like anti social behavior

Right realist, harsh, rational choice

Question 6

Zero tolerence Evalutaion

Answer 6

+More criminals are arrested (keep streets clean)
+Gives victims a sense of justice
-leads to loss off jobs
-requires more police (expensive)
-racial profiling
-Marxists argue it ignoresd crimes comitted by bourgeosies

Question 7

Prisons

With evaluation

Answer 7

Formal form of state punishment
Keeps criminals locked away for rehab and keeps society safe from them
Has catagories A-D
+Acts as a deterent, gives a chance for criminals to reform, rehabillitate and protects society while they are locekd up
-Prisons can be dangerous places, fill up quickly, (especially with Zero tolerance) costs alot to maitnain and creates violent subcultures
-Lots of inmates commit Suicide
-lots of prisonsers who offend will often re-offend so go back meaning it hasnt worked

Question 8

Restoritive justice

Answer 8

A voultary process where a trained facilitator works with victims and offenders and they speak to one an other.
Both formal and Informal

Question 9

Restoritve Justice Evaluation

Answer 9

+Could introduce self realisation, reform, rehabiliation and could cause the offender to be less likely to re offend.
+could give the victim colusure and justice
-Cause the victim PTSD, stress anger.
-The offender might only do it as they know it reduces their sentence (alterior motives)

Peter Woolf

Question 10

Multi agency Approach

With evaluation

Answer 10

When differnet agencies work together on an investigation.
+more secure, efficient, reduces crime,more recourses and communication.

Question 11

Multi agency examples

Answer 11

Alcohol: doctors, therapists,rehabilitators police, trading standards
Substance abuse: Police, doctors, rehabilitators
Smuggling drugs: border control, traffic officers, police
Sexual/ violent offences: therapists, police, doctors, rape crisis teams
Child absue: Childline, schools, therapists, foster/adoption agencies.

Question 12

CCTV

Answer 12

A formal use crime control, links to the rational choice theory (right realism) makes it harder for crimes to be commited to try and put criminals off

Question 13

CCTV Evaluation

Answer 13

(+)Readily avaliable, facial recognition aids identifcation of criminals and witnisses.
(+) Acts as a deterent
(-)Wiped after a long period of time, so not good for long investigations
(-) Rural areas might not have acsess to CCTV so rural crimes will not be helped.