Policy Flashcards
NHANES:
- National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey
- “assessment”
- survey, combining interviews and physical exams, designed to assess the health and nutritional status of adults and children in the US
- uses complex sampling designs to ensure that the data collected is nationally representative
- 15 different sites throughout the US: mobile health centers, at home examinations, follow ups
- data released in 2-year cycles, and sample design changes with population changes
- example of government assessment
Farm Bill
- “policy development”
- spending bill that governs US ag and food policies
- renewed every 5 years
- started in 1933 to help farmers sell excess crops after WWI, great depression and dust bowl
Title 4 of the Farm bill
- example of programs
- SNAP
- CSFP (commodity supplemental food program): for the elderly who are at the poverty line–food packages, and Senior Farmers market nutrition program
HACCP:
- Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point
- “policy development”
- food safety: what are the critical points in food production that can be controlled?
NLEA:
- Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
- “policy development”
- food labeling and ingredients lists
- all nutrient content claims must meet FDA standards
- allows the FDA to require nutrition labeling for most foods: ingredients list, “contains wheat” etc., nutrition facts and serving sizes
- food exemptions from labeling: single-ingredient products, raw fruits and veggies, fish, dietary supplements, infant formula and food for children up to 4 years
- business exemptions: fewer than 100 full time employees, low gross sales, chains with less than 20 locations
3 types of claims that need to be labeled and approved by FDA, according to NLEA:
- health claims: “soluble fiber can reduce risk of heart disease”
- nutrient content claims: “reduced fat,” “high fiber,” “50% less sugar”
- structure/function claims: “supports immunity,” “helps to build stronger bones,” “prevents scurvy.” if not approved by FDA, have to put a disclaimer.
What’s the relationship between DRIs and RDAs? What is a DRI and what is an RDA?
-DRIs (1993-present) replaced RDAs (1943-1989), and RDAs are included in DRIs now
-DRI–dietary reference intakes–include:
◦Estimated average requirement (EAR)
◦Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
◦Adequate intake (AI)
◦Tolerable upper intake level (UL)
◦Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake (CDRR)-
Established in 2019
-DRIs based on age, sex, life-stage (pregnancy and lactation)
-RDA: recommended dietary allowance. Average daily nutrient intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals
DGA:
- Dietary Guidelines for Americans
- “policy development”
- food-based (as opposed to nutrition-based DRIs) and environmentally sustainable
- released every 5 years based on advances in the scientific literature
- purpose is to inform policymakers, and nutrition and health professionals who develop food, nutrition, and health policy
- is influenced by DRIs
Healthy People 2030:
- “policy development”
- health goals for the US (reduce obesity from __ to __, ie)
- funded by US government
- written every 10 years
EFNEP:
Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program
- “assurance”
- nutritional education of low-income families: uses peer educators (people living in the same neighborhoods)
- group and individual education tailored to the needs of families and communities
- physical activity, food safety, food resource management, diet quality
NSLP:
National School Lunch Programs
- “assurance”
- created by National School Lunch Act in 1946
- needs to be consistent with the DGAs
- Cash reimbursement and commodities are provided to schools for each meal served
- In return for food and money, schools must offer lunches that meet NSLP guidelines and offer free and reduced-price meals to eligible children
DRI
-“policy development”
-DRI–dietary reference intakes–include:
◦Estimated average requirement (EAR)
◦Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
◦Adequate intake (AI)
◦Tolerable upper intake level (UL)
◦Chronic Disease Risk Reduction Intake (CDRR), established in 2019
-DRIs based on age, sex, life-stage (pregnancy and lactation)
SNAP
Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program
- “assurance”
- food stamps
WIC
Women, Infants and Children program
- “assurance”
- receive food supplements, baby formula, nutrition education and access to healthcare
- DGA determines the types of foods they receive (type of bread, 1% milk, etc)
Policy Instruments:
- the techniques used by the governing authorities to promote certain policies, to achieve a predefined set of goals
- legislation, regulation, programs, education and guidelines, requirements and standards/targets
