Malnutrition and health inequities Flashcards
what is stunting? what is wasting?
stunting: low height for age
wasting: low weight for age
kwashiorkor disease
- bloated stomach, edema and flaky skin from too much maize in diet and not enough protein.
- affects children age 1-2.
- not enough amino acids means not enough lipoprotein synthesis, so fat can’t be transported out of the liver: leads to fatty liver disease.
- bloating cause of worms in stomach or edema
- edema because of change in osmotic pressure with lack of proteins
universalism vs targeting social policy
- universalism: given to everyone
- targeting: means-testing, etc. (who is “deserving?”)
what is the socioecological model on determinants of health, from biggest to smallest?
- globalization environment
- socioeconomic political context
- structural determinants
- intermediary determinants
biological utilization definition
ability to optimally absorb nutrients from the food consumed. affected by hygiene and clean drinking water, health infrastructure, nutritional knowledge, and cooking methods
ectopic fat
excess fat in places it’s not usually supposed to go: ie heart, liver, blood vessels, mesentery. could happen because subcutaneous fat storage is maxed out.
-causes greater risk of T2DM, even at lower BMIs for different races, especially south asians
four aspects of food security/insecurity:
availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability
food security vs nutrition security
calories vs quality of food
eutrophication
algal bloom; excess nitrogen and nutrients in water bodies that make hypoxic conditions (oxygen depletion from plants and bacterial plant litter decomposition, and fish die)
MASALA study
- the Mediators of Atherosclerosis in South Asians Living in America study: review paper
- longitudinal cohort study
- found that South Asians are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes. likely because of increased ectopic fat deposits and acculturation, lack of access to exercise, and high intake of sweets and fat (even though many are vegetarian)
what’s the deal with international students and refugees?
- Refugee children are likely to become less active and eat more unhealthily after their resettlement in developed countries. because of a bunch of different factors, like acculturation, economic factors, environmental factors, etc.
- Berry’s acculturation model: integrated people had the lowest cases of type 2 diabetes and segregated/separated people had the most (other two were assimilated and marginalized)
- international students are more likely to be food insecure than domestic students: because of high tuition rates, high expectations to work, learning to cook for the first time, etc.
what are the factors that risk food security?
- conflict and political instability
- financialization of food
- population growth
- urbanization
- climate change
globalization environment:
- international laws
- international trade agreements, communications technologies, transnational corporations,
socioeconomic political context:
- informed by globalization laws
- the spectrum of factors in society that cannot be directly measured at the individual level
- exert a powerful formative influence on patterns of social stratification and, thus, on people’s health opportunities
-structural determinants:
- social hierarchy: class, power, prestige, discrimination…income, gender, education, race, etc.
- informed by socioeconomic political context
