Policing, security and crime control Flashcards
Define British policing
the act of enacting laws and maintaining order.
Define security and provide examples
How is security objective?
the act of protecting the environment from harm or danger.
Example say what they are: human security, national security
Security is objective because it is measurable and can be evaluated as a global state.
Define safety and provide examples
how is safety subjective?
the act of protecting oneself or the community.
Example: personal belongings.
safety is subjective because it is a state of mind that is influenced by personal experiences.
Define liberty and provide examples
the idea of being free from oppression
Example: human rights
What is crime control?
the act to control crime either through the ideas of Lambroso or Durkheim
What was Lambroso’s idea?
He believed criminals were biologically different from non-criminals, for example Ted Bundy.
Criticisms of Lamboro’s idea
Lambroso’s idea was not supported because later research found that criminals are more environmentally and socially affected.
What was Durkheim’s idea?
Durkheim believed that crime was necessary to keep the social order because it helps structure society.
Criticisms of Durkheim’s ideas
Durkheim’s idea was not supported because it ignores the negative affects of crime and fails to address the root causes of criminal behaviour
What is due process?
a way of ensuring fairness and justice in the legal system, which is often used through the ideas of Bentham and Beccaria.
Example: Fair trial
What was Bentham’s approach?
Bentham’s utilitarian views emphasised the importance of maximising happiness and minimising pain for the greatest number of people. He believed the legal system should focus on rehabilitating offenders rather than punishing them.
What was Beccaria’s approach?
Beccaria’s empiricist view helped him believe that due process was essential to ensuring justice and protecting the rights of the accused. He argued the legal system should be transparent and consistent.
What do crime control and due process have in common?
Factually and procedurally guilty.
Maintain social order.
