Police Use of Force: Response to Resistance

Question 1

What is the most important look for officers?

Answer 1

Their professional presence

Question 2

What is the policy for the use of force according to the ICAP Model?

Answer 2

Officers can only use the force that reasonably appears necessary to effectively bring an incident under control, while protecting the live of the officer and other

Question 3

What is ICAP’s definition of force?

Answer 3

The amount of effort required by police to compel compliance from an unwilling subject

Question 4

What is ICAP’s definition of excessive force?

Answer 4

The application of an amount and/or frequency of force greater than required to compel compliance from a willing or unwilling subject

Question 5

In court, words are nicer to use than referring to someone as a subject?

Answer 5

Ms, Mr, etc.

Question 6

What percent of time do police use or threaten to use force?

Answer 6

1%

Question 7

What are the levels of resistance in the ICAP model?

Answer 7

Cooperative –> non-verbal and verbal non-compliance –> Passive resistance –> Defensive resistance –> active aggression –> aggravated active agression

Question 8

What are the levels of control in the ICAP model?

Answer 8

Verbal dialogue and commands –> soft empty hand control –> pepper spray –> hard empty hand control –> conducted energy weapon –> impact weapon –> deadly force

Question 9

How many unarmed people were shot and killed by police in 2024? (Washington Post)

Answer 9

24

Question 10

What age range of more than half of people who are shot and killed by police?

Answer 10

20 and 40 years

Question 11

How many people in total have been shot and killed by police in the past 12 months?

Answer 11

1164

Question 12

What race and gender is more likely to be shot by cops?

Answer 12

White males (but disproportionately, African Americans are killed more)

Question 13

How many fatal shootings has there been since 2015? (Washington Post)

Answer 13

10610

Question 14

What is split-second syndrome?

Answer 14

It describes when a well-meaning officer uses force too quickly in a situation that requires a rapid decision

Question 15

What was the ruling of Tennesse v Garner? (471 US 1) (1985)

Answer 15

Under the 4th amendment, an officer may use deadly force to prevent the escape of a fleeing suspect if the officer has good faith belief that the suspect poses a significant threat of death/serious physical injury to the officer or others

Question 16

What was the outcome of Graham v Connor?

Answer 16

A claim of excessive force by law enforcement during an arrest, stop, or other seizure of an individual is subject should be related to the use of force should drive the analysis, rather than any improper intent or motivation by the officer who used force.

Question 17

What is the Three-Prong Graham Test?

Answer 17

Evaluates the reasonableness of a law enforcement officer’s use of force:
1. The severity of the crime at issue
2. Where the suspect is an immediate threat to the safety of officers or others
3. Whether the suspect is actively resisting arrest or attempting to evade arrest by flight

Question 18

What was the outcome of Scott v Harris?

Answer 18

The 4th Amendment doesn’t prevent a police officer from ramming a fleeing suspect’s car to end a high-speed chase, notwithstanding the risk of serious harm to the suspect.