Police Safety Orders Flashcards
PSO and Family Harm
What does the “Overview” say about the Policy Statment and Principles for Police Safety Orders (PSO)?
- PSOs are immediate orders issued by a QUALIFIED CONSTABLE at a Family Harm episode.
- PSOs require a BOUND PERSON to SURRENDER any weapon in their control or ANY firearms licence and VACATE any LAND or BUILDING occupied by a Person(s) At Risk regardless of whether the BOUND PERSON has a LEGAL or EQUITABLE interest in it.
- PSOs can be issued for up to TEN DAYS.
- PSOs provide an additional tool for Police attending Family Harm episodes. They ENABLE Frontline Officers to take IMMEDIATE ACTION to protect persons at risk of Family Harm when an investigation fails to ESTABLISH sufficient evidence of an offence.
- A PSO provides TIME for the Person at Risk to SEEK support and assistance, including applying for a Temporary Protection Order if desired and for the Bound Person to COOL DOWN and also seek support and assistance.
Who “determines” whether it is NECESSARY to issue a PSO?
- Police will determine whether it is necessary to issue a PSO during a family harm or other investigation.
- Once this determination is made Police will ISSUE and SERVE the PSO in the prescribed form and according to the procedures.
- SUPPORT will be arranged for the Person at Risk.
- Police will pursue breaches of PSOs via the Court.
What “links” does PSOs have with Family Harm Policy and Procedures?
- PSOs are just ONE possible response to a Family Harm episode.
- The Police Family Harm Policy and Procedures ONLY apply when Police attend a Family Harm episode and the parties involved are in or have been in a INTIMATE PARTNER RELATIONSHIP or are Family Members. These relationships are TWO of the FOUR categories DEFINED in the Family Violence Act 2018 as DOMESTIC RELATIONSHIPS.
- Normal Police responses apply to family violence involving the other categories of Domestic Relationships ie flatmates, and close personal relationships.
- PSOs can be considered and issued in ALL responses to family harm episodes when the parties involved are in ANY domestic relationship.
What are Police Safety Orders?
- PSOs are immediate orders issued by a qualified Constable under S. 28 Family Violence Act 2018.
- PSOs provide an additional tool for Police attending family harm episodes where an investigation fails to establish full evidence of an offence and attending officers consider a cooling down period would be beneficial.
- The Person at Risk’s CONSENT is not required.
- The Orders DO NOT NEED to be issued by a Court. A Constable can also issue an order on JUDICIAL DIRECTION (S. 46)
- The Orders MUST be issued in the PRESCRIBED form.
Who is a QUALIFIED CONSTABLE?
- A qualified Constable is a constable of or above the position level of Sergeant.
- They MUST hold the SUBSTANTIVE position level or otherwise be FORMALLY APPOINTED or AUTHORISED under S. 63 Policing Act 2008.
What are the “IMMEDIATE effects of a Police Safety Order”?
- PSOs require a bound person to:
. SURRENDER any weapon in their control or any firearms licence held to a Constable
. VACATE any land or building occupied by a person(s) at risk regardless of whether the bound person has a legal or equitable interest in it
. Provide a COOLING DOWN PERIOD where the person at risk has time and space to seek support and assistance, including applying for a Temporary Protection Order if desired and for the bound person to seek support and assistance.
What are the “LONGER effects of a Police Safety Order”?
- In addition to the immediate effects of the Order, the bound person MUST not:
. ENGAGE in behaviour that amounts to any form of family violence against a person at risk
. Make any CONTACT with a person at risk that is not authorized
. ENCOURAGE any person to engage in behaviour against or to make contact with a person at risk, where the behaviour or contact, if engaged in or made by the bound person, would be PROHIBITED by the Order.
What typed of CONTACT can a Bound Person make whilst a PSO is in force?
- Contact by the bound person with a person at risk is AUTHORISED and not in breach of an orders NO-CONTACT CONDITION, if the contact is:
. reasonably necessary in an EMERGENCY
. permitted under any SPECIAL condition of any relevant Protection Order
. necessary in order to attend a Family Group Conference (FGC)
. necessary to ATTEND A PROCEEDING before a Court or Person acting judicially or to attend any matter associated with such a proceeding which would be jointly attended (S. 38)
What are the “effects on Parenting Orders” if a PSO is issued?
- If a bound person is a party to a Parenting Order or Agreement, that Parenting Order is SUSPENDED.
- Any day to day contact or care of a person provided for in the Parenting Order has NO EFFECT and the provisions of the Safety order apply.
When can a Safety order be ISSUED?
- A Qualified Constable or a Constable authorized by a qualified Constable may issue a PSO against a person who is or has been in a family relationship with another person if the Constable has REASONABLE GROUNDS TO BELIEVE having regard to specified matters, that the issue of an order is necessary to help make the person at risk safe from family violence (S. 28).
What happens when a person is arrested for a family violence offence but there was insufficient evidence to charge?
- If a person is arrested for a family violence offence, but it is later determined that there is insufficient evidence to charge for that offence, a PSO can subsequently be issued.
When can a Safety Order NOT be issued?
- PSOs CANNOT be issued if the person posing risk is charged for a family violence offence. In these cases, BAIL CONDITIONS may be set which essentially serve the same purpose as a PSO.
- A PSO cannot be issued if the person posing risk is a CHILD unless satisfied that the CHILD is aged 16 years old or over and that the Order is JUSTIFIED by SPECIAL circumstances.
What if there is a Protection Order in place?
- If the person posing risk is the subject of a Protection Order and the Applicant is the Person at Risk, it is likely that the behaviour complained of will constitute a breach of the Order. Every effort should be made to obtain sufficient evidence so that an arrest can be made.
- An officer can serve a PSO if there is NOT SUFFICIENT evidence to arrest. This takes the pressure off the protected person to protect themselves.
- It is also ALIGNED with the Victim Graduate Response Model.
- In these situations seek advice from your Supervisor or Family Violence Coordinator / Family Harm Specialist.
What are the “FACTORS to consider when deciding to issue a Police Safety Order?
- When deciding whether it is necessary to issue a PSO, consider, if applicable, the total concern for safety determined during the family harm investigation and the range of safety actions suggested in the Frontline Safety Plan.
What additional FACTORS should Police consider?
- Also consider:
. Whether it is likely that the person posing risk:
> has inflicted, or is inflicting family violence against the person at risk, and/or any other person with whom the person posing risk has a family relationship
> will inflict or again inflict family violence against the person at risk
. the WELFARE of any CHILDREN residing with the person at risk
. the HARDSHIP that may be caused if the Order is issued
. any other matter that may be considered relevant (S. 29)
What additional FACTORS should Police take ACCOUNT of?
- You should also take account of:
. Previous interactions with Police
. History of Mental Illness
. Presence or history of abuse of alcohol and/or drugs
. Propensity for violence
. Family Harm history
. Parenting Orders, Protection Orders and/or PSOs previously in force
. Multi-agency Plans in place from previous family harm episodes
. Whether the person posing risk is currently involved with PERPETRATOR SUPPORT SERVICES.
Explain factor: HARDSHIP?
- For the purpose of a PSO, consider hardship caused to any person including the family.
- When deciding if HARDSHIP may be caused, consider such things as:
. Who will have the family car
. Who is in charge of family finances and holds Eftpos cards/money
. The financial ability for the bound person to find alternative accommodation and transport
. Whether any child has a disability or illness requiring more intensive care and support
What other factors should Police be MINDFUL for when issuing a PSO?
- Be mindful that the DYNAMICS of family harm mean that in some cases the USE and CONTROL of family money and other assets may be part of the POWER and CONTROL dynamics used by the person posing risk to continue the family harm.
Explain factor: PARENTING ORDERS?
- You must take REASONABLE steps to establish whether ANY adult family member of the household holds, or is in the process of obtaining, a Parenting Order relating to children of the household.
- The bound person may have had a Parenting Order made against the person at risk whom you intend to protect and a violence finding may have been made against them by the Family Court.
- Be AWARE of DANGERS to the children for reasons not immediately apparent.
- If a Parenting Order is in place the Family Violence Coordinator / Family Harm Specialist should be informed.
Explain “Commencement and duration of the Orders”?
- PSOs come into force IMMEDIATELY after they have been served and continue in force for the period specified in the order.
- This period CANNOT EXCEED TEN DAYS.
What 4 points should be considered when “deciding the DURATION of the Order”?
- The issuing officer decides on the duration of the order:
. have regard to the FACTORS set out in S. 35
. carefully consider the IMPACT of the Order on the family - As a STARTING point, you should begin with considering a 24 hour duration and then factor in other relevant considerations, for example:
. Weekends, Public Holidays, and an Individuals ability to access the Courts, if necessary
. How long it will take for the family to access appropriate support services and make on-going arrangements for their safety - Note that the LONGER the duration of the Order, the more COMPLEX the decision making is likely to be and the greater the likelihood that there will have been an offence.
- PSOs issued for longer than 5 days are used for situations where there is a likelihood of SERIOUS HARM occurring, where a “Protection and related property Orders” is being sought or where a “Victim Relocation” is being sought.
What 3 steps are required “to AUTHORISE or obtain authority to issue a PSO”?
- Complete ALL enquiries to identify possible offences. Where NO OFFENCES are disclosed consider whether it is necessary to issue a PSO.
- If you are NOT a QUALIFIED CONSTABLE and consider that a PSO should be issued, seek AUTHORITY to issue an order from a Constable who is qualified.
. NOTE: without a formal appointment under S. 63 a Constable who is relieving as an Acting Sergeant is NOT ‘qualified’ and CANNOT issue, or authorize the issue of a PSO.
. Supervisors asked to issue a safety order but who are NOT a qualified Constable should seek approval from the Communications Centre Supervisor, the Custody Sergeant, or the District Command Centre shift supervisor for approval to issue a PSO. - To DOCUMENT discussion about authorisation to issue at the time it was given, the authorizing constable should explain the CONDITIONS surrounding the PSO in the Family Harm investigation in OnDuty, or via a NOTEBOOK entry.
. Why? This record could be important if issuing the safety order is LATER CHALLENGED on the basis it was not necessary, or that it would have been issued had a more ACCURATE consideration of risk been completed.
What are “Police POWERS pending AUTHORISATION and ISSUE of an Order”?
- DETAIN the person against whom a PSO is to be issued for up to TWO HOURS to allow you to obtain the necessary authority and to issue and SERVE THE ORDER on that person.
- The two hour period commences when the Constable decides that a PSO is necessary
- REMOVE the person from the premises and to a Police station or place used as a Police station during the period of detention.
- In some situations and for SHORT PERIODS, detention within the home may be appropriate.
What happens when a person refuses to REMAIN at the place where they are detained?
- A person who refuses to remain at the place where they are detained:
. Commits an OFFENCE and is LIABLE on Summary Conviction to a FINE not exceeding $500
. May be arrested without warrant
What happens if Police are “unable to issue and serve the order during the period of detention”?
- If you are unable to ISSUE and SERVE the order WITHIN two hours, you MUST release the detained person.
- You then have a period of 48 HOURS to issue and serve the Order on that person.
- The opportunity to serve a Safety order will EXPIRE if it has not been served within that time period.
- The 48 hour period commences from the time a Qualified Constable authorises the issuing of the PSO.