Poli sci unit 2 quiz Flashcards
ideology
-a system of beliefs about how a society should be governed
-Organizes the complexity of the world into something simple and understandable
affective polarization
-A belief that one’s ideological opponents are one’s enemy
-A marked difference in warmth towards co-partisans as opposed to the opposing partisans
example of affective polarization
-“I don’t care who my kid marries, but if they bring home a Trump Republican, I don’t know what I’d do.”
political theory examples
-Ways to think about the good life
-Written in complex language intended to sound educational or objective
political ideology examples
-A system of beliefs about how society should be governed
-Written in simple and targeted language designed to convince readers
critical race theory characteristics
-Sees racism as both conscious and subconscious
- Is the ideology that animates the Black Lives Matter movement
-Is a Black liberation movement
The Left-Right spectrum organizes ideologies according to:
-the desired role of the state relative to the economy
far left
-communism
-no private property
-no free markets
moderate left
social democracy
right
-conservatism
-no government
conservatism developed as an ideology…
-in response to the rise of radical movements and ideologies
According to the authors, conservatives have an organic view of society. Which of the following best describes what that means?
-Society is like an organism. It is made up of different parts that all play their role within the organism’s structure and hierarchy.
characteristics of conservatism
-Tradition is important; it bonds our society together across generations
-Politics should not be central to life. Rather, we should focus on family, religion and enterprise.
-Property rights are an essential building block of our economy and social order
-pessimistic view of human nature
-belief in patriotism
-valuing of tradition
social conservatism
-belief that the state should make laws to reinforce traditional morality
-family, tradition, religion
fiscal conservatism
-belief that the state should be only minimally involved in regulating the economy or redistributing income
-small govt, private property, economic freedom, free market
national conservatism
-belief that the state should inculcate patriotism and shared culture
-national identity, culture
libertarianism
-belief that there should be almost no state involvement in regulating either the economy or personal behaviour
liberalism views society as:
-underpinned by a morality of self-interest
how does liberalism understands individual rights?
-Every person has innate rights
definition of “neo-liberalism”
-A belief that government should be only minimally involved in the economy so that the logic of the market can prevail
-free market
-contrast to reform liberalsim
In socialist thought, war, crime, ignorance, unemployment, poverty and even disease are regarded as:
-A product of capitalist economic and social arrangements
socialism
Equality of outcome: people should have similar material wealth
Reform Liberalism
Equality of opportunity: people should have similar opportunities in life to do with what they will
-‘positive’ liberty
-advocated for a larger role for government in addressing inequality
Classical Liberalism
Formal equality : people should be equal under the law
-The state impairs peoples’ freedom
-‘negative’ liberty- freedom from oppression
Classical Conservatism
-We are all better off if people understand their place in society
-Freedom should be balanced with tradition and virtue
mixed economy
-income redistribution
-some government ownership
-regulation of business
-public provision of some services
liberalism
-so deeply ingrained in our society its almost invisible
-elements:
-individual rights
-humans are rational and self interested
-social improvements possible and likely
-freedom of thought, association and expression
-private property and market
-free trade
Neo-conservatism
-social traditionalism
-free markets
-‘hawkish’ anti communist foreign policy
-contrast to old conservatism
socialism
-begins as a critique of capitalism
-themes:
-an optimistic view of human nature
-belief in some form of common ownership
-commitment to equality
-freedom
-robust role for the state
revolutionary socialism
-marxist-leninist (‘communist’) : state ownership planned the economy
-maoist: peasants overthrow capitalism
social democracy
-commited to liberal democracy
-allows for free market
-role in:
redistributing income
providing social programs
workers right to organize through unions