Polarity

Question 1

Vectors

Answer 1

A bond dipole (vector) is used to represent polar covalent bonds pointing toward the more electronegative element
Adding Vectors: when we add the vectors/dipoles (arrows) we add them to obtain the final (resultant) vector

Question 2

Symmetrical Shapes That Result in Cancellation of Bond Dipoles (ie. no net dipole)

Answer 2

linear, planar w 3 molecules, tetrahedral with 4 identical bonds

Question 3

Polarity - cancelling out diapoles

Answer 3

Bond dipoles need to be EXACTLY the SAME in order to completely cancel out

Question 4

Steps to Predicting Molecular Polarity

Answer 4

Step 1: Draw a Lewis structure for the molecule (including checking formal charge)

Step 2: Determine the VSEPR shape around each central atom

Step 3: Use electronegativities to determine the polarity of each bond

Step 4: Add the bond dipoles to determine whether the final result is zero (nonpolar molecule) or nonzero (polar molecule)