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Chem Exam 3 > Polarity > Flashcards

Polarity Flashcards

1
Q

If the electronegativity is less than or equal to 0.4 it is _____

A

nonpolar

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2
Q

If the electronegativity is greater than 0.4 it is _____

A

Polar

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3
Q

In polar bonds there is always a positive and a negative, how do you know which one is the negative?

A

The negative is the one that has the most pull, the greedy one, the one that pulls the most to one side, the bigger number

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4
Q

The seven diatomic molecules are _____ (polar/nonpolar)

A

truly nonpolar

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5
Q

The seven diatomic molecules appear _______

A

as twins in nature

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6
Q

What are the seven diatomic molecules?

A

H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2

Horses Need Oats For Clean Brown I’s

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7
Q

What are the greedy elements?

A

N, O, F

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8
Q

When a molecule has polar bonds, it may be polar overall. Being polar overall means what?

A

It must have polar bonds and it must be unbalanced/asymmetrical (this means one side is pulling more than the other and that if we split it, it would not be even)

Ex: H20
This is polar because the Oxygen is a greedy element and has more of a pull than hydrogen making oxygen negative and hydrogen positive. This is asymmetrical so it is polar

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9
Q

Is CH4 polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar because it is the same all around. All of the three surrounding elements around the central atom are positive (no pull). It is symmetrical because they are all hydrogens

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10
Q

CH2Cl2 is ____ (polar/nonpolar)

A

It is polar because the Cl is pulling the molecule to one side making it negative and the Hydrogens positive. This is asymmetrical so it is polar

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11
Q

Is CF4 polar or nonpolar

A

Nonpolar because the F’s are all negative and its the same all around making it symmetrical

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12
Q

What are the 4 bonds I need to know?

A

O-H
N-H
C-O
C-H

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13
Q

Is O-H polar or nonpolar? which one is positive and which is negative?

A

Polar, Oxygen is negative and Hydrogen is positive

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14
Q

Is N-H polar or nonpolar? which one is positive and which is negative?

A

Polar, N is negative and H is positive

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15
Q

Is C-O polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar

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16
Q

Is C-H polar or nonpolar? which one is positive and which is negative?

A

Nonpolar, because it is nonpolar neither is negative or positive since neither one is pulling

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17
Q

In O-H if O=3.5 and H=2.1, what is its electronegativity, what is its polarity and which is positive and negative?

A

1.4
Polar because it is greater than 0.4
Oxygen is negative because its the bigger number

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18
Q

In N-H if N=3.0 and H=2.1, what is its electronegativity, what is its polarity and which is positive and negative?

A

0.9
Polar because its greater than 0.4
Nitrogen is negative because it is bigger

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19
Q

In C-O if C=2.5 and O=3.5, what is its electronegativity, what is its polarity and which is positive and negative?

A

1.0
Polar, because it is greater than 0.4
Oxygen is negative because it is the bigger number

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20
Q

In C-H if C= 2.5 and H=2.1, what is its electronegativity, what is its polarity and which is positive and negative?

A

0.4
Nonpolar because it is less than or equal to 0.4
Neither is negative because it is nonpolar

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21
Q

Is CO2 polar or nonpolar

A

Nonpolar because there are two oxygens and both are negative, even though oxygen is greedy and has more pull since there are two oxygens(one on each side) their pull cancels eachother out

Because there is equal pull on both sides it is symmetrical so it is nonpolar

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22
Q

Is HCN polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar because the Nitrogen is greedy so it is negative and pulls more in its direction, the Hydrogen is positive this means that it is asymmetrical so it is polar

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23
Q

If a molecule dissolves in water is it polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar

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24
Q

If a molecule does not dissolve in water is it polar or nonpolar?

A

Nonpolar

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25
Q

For the most part if you see lone pairs, this means the molecule is ___

A

Polar

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26
Q

Is alcohol polar or nonpolar?

A

Polar because alcohol dissolves in water

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27
Q

Is oil polar or non polar?

A

Nonpolar because oil cannot dissolve in water

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28
Q

Is Ammonia polar or nonpolar?

A

Ammonia is NH3, it has a lone pair on top of N and the N has a greater pull this makes it polar

Ammonia is also able to dissolve in water

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29
Q

Is House paint polar or nonpolar?

A

nonpolar because your house does not melt when it rains

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30
Q

What are Intermolecular Forces (IMF)?

A

Forces that make molecules want to stick together (or not stick together)

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31
Q

What are examples of IMF?

A

Ion-Dipole

Dipole-Dipole
H-Bond is a subset of Dipole-Dipole

Dipole-Induced Dipole

Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole
Also called dispersion

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32
Q

Dipole means ____

A

Polar

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33
Q

Ion-Dipole is an ___ with a ___

A

Ion with a polar molecule

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34
Q

NaCl with H20 is an example of which type of IMF?

A

Ion-Dipole

NaCl is an ion because it is a metal and a nonmetal
H2O is Dipole because water is polar

35
Q

Is Ion-Dipole a strong or weak force?

A

Weak force

36
Q

Why is Ion-Dipole a weak force?

A

Weak because you can get this back by drying it out

37
Q

Dipole-Dipole is ____ with ____

A

polar, polar

38
Q

Ammonia with alcohol is an example of which IMF?

A

Dipole-Dipole because Ammonia and alcohol are both polar

Ammonia is polar because it dissolves in water, has a lone pair, and N-H is one of the need to know bonds that is polar

Alcohol is polar because the oxygen is pulling more than the hydrogens and alcohol dissolves in water

39
Q

Is Dipole-Dipole a strong or weak bond?

40
Q

Hydrogen Bond (H-bond) is a subset of _____

A

Dipole-Dipole

41
Q

Is the H-bond considered a bond?

A

No, it is not a bond

42
Q

Is H-bond strong or weak ?

A

Very Strong

43
Q

H-bond occur with ___, ____, and ____ with a Hydrogen attached

44
Q

How is an H bond arranged?

A

Arranged as a positive to a negative

Both need a hydrogen attached in order for it to be an H-bond

45
Q

Fluorine is a ____ (Solid, liquid, gas)

46
Q

Cl is a ____ (Solid, liquid, gas)

47
Q

Br is a ____ (Solid, liquid, gas)

48
Q

I (Iodine) is a ____ (Solid, liquid, gas)

49
Q

Dipole-Induced Dipole is a ____ with a ____

A

Polar, nonpolar

50
Q

is Dipole-induced dipole a strong or weak bond?

51
Q

in Dipole-Induced Dipole a water molecule ___ electrons to ____

A

induces, move away

52
Q

In Dipole-Induced Dipole ____(polar/nonpolar) molecules induce _____ (temporary/permanent) weak dipoles on the nonpolar

A

Polar, temporary

53
Q

Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole is ____ with _____

A

Nonpolar, nonpolar

54
Q

If it is just carbons and hydrogens it is ____ (polar/nonpolar)

55
Q

In induced dipole-induced dipole electrons ____ causing one side to be slightly positive and one side to be slightly negative

56
Q

What is the difference between Dipole-Induced Dipole and Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole?

A

One has a polar molecule the other one does not have any

57
Q

What physical properties do IMFs affect?

A

Boiling Point, Viscosity, Surface Tension, Vapor Pressure

58
Q

As IMF increase Boiling point ____

59
Q

Why does Boiling point increase when IMFs increase

A

the higher the IMF the stronger it is so the boiling point needs to be high in order to be able to break up the molecule

60
Q

Which molecule has the most IMF oil or water?

A

Oil because even though water is polar, oil is bigger in size than water

61
Q

Which is bigger in size Fluorine or Iodine?

62
Q

What is viscosity?

A

resistance to flow, how thick it is

63
Q

As IMF increases viscosity ____

64
Q

What is surface tension?

A

Tension at the surface

65
Q

As IMF increases the surface tension ____

66
Q

What is an example of surface tension?

A

Dropping water on a penny and it starts forming a bubble on top of the penny but it does not burst or fall over

A water spider on top of water- it walks on top of the water but it never falls through it

67
Q

What is Vapor Pressure?

A

Pressure (amount) of a vapor over its liquid

Vapor pressure is going up into the atmosphere

68
Q

As IMF increases vapor pressure _____

69
Q

Why does vapor pressure decrease as IMF increases?

A

Because as sun hits a liquid, it wants to vaporize, it gives water energy. As IMF increases will it want to go up into the atmosphere? No it wants to stay with the other molecules

A molecule with high vapor pressure and low IMF will go into the atmosphere faster than a molecule with low vapor pressure and high IMF

70
Q

Who has the stronger IMF Water or Oil?

A

Oil because it is boiled at a higher temperature, oil is also thicker(higher viscosity) than water

71
Q

Who has a stronger IMF Ketchup or Vinegar?

A

Ketchup because it is thicker, Ketchup has a lower vapor pressure

If you spilled ketchup and vinegar you would smell vinegar instantly and the ketchup would take a minute for you to be able to smell it. This is because Vinegar has a lower IMF

72
Q

If you spilled Ketchup and Vinegar why would you instantly smell the vinegar over the ketchup?

A

If you spilled ketchup and vinegar you would smell vinegar instantly and the ketchup would take a minute for you to be able to smell it. This is because Vinegar has a lower IMF and high Vapor pressure so it is released/goes into the atmosphere faster/before the ketchup will

73
Q

Who has a higher IMF pancake batter or oil?

A

pancake batter because it has a higher viscosity

74
Q

Who has a higher IMF Alcohol or Water?

A

Water because it has a higher boiling point than alcohol

If you spilled both, you’d instantly smell the alcohol because it has a high vapor pressure

75
Q

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together:

H2O and CH3CH2OH

A

Dipole-dipole, H-bond

Because they are both polar and there is an OH bond

76
Q

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together:

SO2 + SO2

A

Dipole-Dipole

because they are both polar

77
Q

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together:

Oil + Gas

A

Induced Dipole-Induced Dipole

Both oil and gas do not dissolve in water making them both non-polar

78
Q

Given the electronegativity of Boron ( 2.04) and Sulfur (2.58) is the B-S bond polar or nonpolar?

A

It is polar because 0.54 is greater than 0.4

79
Q

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together:

KCl + NH3

A

Ion-Dipole

KCl is an ion, NH3 is polar

80
Q

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together:

CO2 and Water

A

Dipole-induced Dipole

CO2 is nonpolar and Water is polar

81
Q

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together:

NH3 and water

A

Dipole- dipole with hydrogen bond

82
Q

Why is CO2 and water dipole-induced dipole but NH3 and Water is dipole-dipole with H bond?

A

The CO2 and water does not have an H bond because Oxygen will be bonded to a hydrogen in water but in CO2 there is no Hydrogen

In NH3 and Water both have an H bond

In order for it to be considered an H bond both must have a hydrogen attached

83
Q

Given these two molecules what IMFs hold them together:

CO2 + CH4

A

Induced dipole-induced dipole

both are nonpolar

Chem Exam 3 (2 decks)

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