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Chem Exam 3 > Lewis and VSEPR > Flashcards

Lewis and VSEPR Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemical bonds are found using ______

A

Valence electrons

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2
Q

An ionic bond is bond between a ____ and a _____

A

metal, nonmetal

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3
Q

Metals ____ an electron and become ____

A

lose, cations

become cations because they become more positive

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4
Q

nonmetals ____ electrons and become ____

A

gain, anions

become anions because they become negative

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5
Q

In NaCl sodium ___ an electron and chlorine ___ an electron

A

loses, gains

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6
Q

In NaCl when sodium loses an electron it becomes more ____ and when chlorine gains an electron it becomes more ____

A

positive, negative

This makes Na+ Cl-

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7
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Two or more nonmetals and hydrogen coming together to share electrons to fill their octets

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8
Q

In covalent bonding what to the shells do to share electrons?

A

the shells overlap

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9
Q

Is covalent bonding strong or weak?

A

Strong

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10
Q

In covalent bonding the radius (size) of the compound is _____ than the atomic radii

A

Smaller

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11
Q

In covalent bonding why is the radius (size) of the compound smaller than the atomic radii?

A

This is because of overlapping

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12
Q

What are the steps to drawing lewis structures?

A
  1. add up all the valence electrons for all the atoms in the molecules
  2. determine the central atom
  3. draw a temporary model using single bonds between atoms. Backfill remaining electrons from outside in filling octets as you go. Use double or triple bonds as needed
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13
Q

How do you determine the central atom in a lewis structure?

A

The one that can make the most bonds, the least electronegative.

Also, usually the atom that was written first is in the middle

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14
Q

How many valence electrons does C have?

A

4

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15
Q

How many valence electrons does N have?

A

5

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16
Q

How many valence electrons does oxygen have?

A

6

17
Q

How many valence electrons does F have?

A

7

18
Q

Why won’t hydrogen ever be in the center?

A

Because it can only form one bond

19
Q

one bond = how many electrons?

A

2 electrons because electrons travel in pairs

20
Q

What is a resonant structure?

A

When more than one structure could be drawn

21
Q

When drawing a lewis structure if there is a negative how many valence electrons does that count as?

A

1 if it is just a negative on its own, if there is a number attached like 2 then it would add 2

Ex: CO3 2-
The total number of electrons is 24 (4 from carbon, 18 from oxygen, and 2 from the negative)

22
Q

When drawing a lewis structure if there is a positive how many valence electrons does that count as?

A

The positive will actually take away electrons
it will take 1 away if it is just a + on its own and if its a + with a number attached it will take away the number attached to it

Ex: NH4+
(8 electrons: 5 from Nitrogen, 4 from Hydrogen, minus 1 from the positive)

23
Q

What two elements will never have lone pairs?

A

Carbon and Hydrogen

24
Q

The electron pair geometry is what ____ sees

A

electrons

25
Q

molecular shape is what ___ see

A

we

26
Q

How would you describe the linear?

A

Central atom with two things attached

CO2 is an example of linear

27
Q

How would you describe trigonal planar?

A

central atoms with 3 things attached

BF3 and SO2 is an example of trigonal planar for the electron pair geometry

28
Q

Why is the molecular shape of SO2 bent?

A

It is bent because Oxygen, Sulfur, and Selenium are group 16, this is the only group and the only 3 elements that will cause the molecular shape to be bent.

The Oxygen, Sulfur, and Selenium must be the central atom in order for the molecular shape to be bent

29
Q

How would you describe tetrahedral?

A

A central atom with 4 things attached

30
Q

CH4 is an example of _____

A

Tetrahedral for both electron pair geometry and molecular shape

31
Q

Why is the electron pair geometry of SO2 trigonal planar but the electron pair geometry for H2S is tetrahedral?

A

SO2 is trigonal planar because it has a bond on both the oxygens and it has one set of lone pairs, making it 3 things attached to the central atom

H2S is tetrahedral because there is one bond attached to each of the Hydrogens and there are two sets of lone pairs attached to the Sulfur, making it 4 things attached to the central atom

32
Q

What arrangement of elements in the lewis structure will result in the molecular shape being trigonal pyramid?

A

3 atoms and one lone pair on top

Ex: NH3

33
Q

What are the possible molecular shapes?

A

Linear

Trigonal Planar

Tetrahedral

Trigonal Pyramid

Bent

34
Q

What are the possible electron pair geometry?

A

linear

trigonal planar

tetrahedral

Chem Exam 3 (2 decks)

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