Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Y6 Acute > Poisoning part 2 > Flashcards

Poisoning part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which poisons may have delayed action

A

Aspirin
Iron
Paracetamol
TCAs
Co-phenotrope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the time frame for activated charcoal and when may it be given repeatedly

A

Within 1 hour of ingestion

Consider repeating if:
Carbamazepine
Dapsone
Phenobarbital
Quinine
Theophylline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

When is activated charcoal contraindicated

A

Petroleum
Corrosive substances
Alcohols
Malathion
Cyanides
Metal salts e.g. iron, lithium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

When might haemodialysis be indicated

A

Barbiturates
Lithium
Alcohol
Salicylates
Theophylline
Valproate
Ethylene glycol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

When is alkalisation of urine indicated

A

Salicylate poisoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Features and management of acute alcohol intoxication

A

Ataxia
Dysarthria
Nystagmus
Drowsiness
→ coma hypotension, acidosis

Supportive:
Maintain clear airway
Reduce risk of aspiration
Measure glucose and correct

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Features and management for aspirin poisoning

A

Hyperventilation
Tinnitus & deafness
Vasodilation
Sweating

Measure plasma salicylate, pH and electrolytes
within 1 hour → activated charcoal
IV sodium bicarbonate (alkalinisation of urine → enhance urinary excretion)
* must correct plasma potassium before
Haemodialysis (severe metabolic acidosis or high concentration)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Features of opioid poisoning and management

A

Coma
Respiratory depression
Pinpoint pupils

Naloxone hydrochloride (+ close monitoring and repeated injections)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Features and management for paracetamol poisoning

A

Toxicity occurs with levels >75mg/kg
Nausea and vomiting
Hepatocellular necrosis
Renal tubular necrosis
2-3 days after → N&V + R subcostal pain (hepatic necrosis)

Calculate the total dose ingested (If body weight >110 → use 110kg)
<1 hour → activated charcoal
Use paracetamol treatment graph
N-acetylcysteine up to 24h (most effective within 8 hours)
- Consider >24h if tests suggest acute liver injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Features and management for TCA poisoning

A

Dry mouth, blurred vision (Dialted pupils), urinary retention
Hypotension
Hypothermia
Hyperreflexia
Upgoing plantars
Convulsions
Respiratory failure
Arrhythmia
Metabolic acidosis

Supportive:
Clear airway
<1 hour → activated charcoal
Convulsion → IV lorazepam
Arrhythmia → IV sodium bicarb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Features of SSRI poisoning and management

A

N&V
Agitation
Tremor
Nystagmus
Drowsiness
Sinus tachycardia
Convulsions

Supportive:
<1 hour → activated charcoal
Convulsion → IV lorazepam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is serotonin syndrome and what are the complications

A

Excessive serotonin in the synapses of the brain
From using antidepressants: side effect, in combination, overdose

Complications: DIC | rhabdomyolysis | renal failure/metabolic acidosis | seizures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the symptoms of serotonin syndrome

A

Altered mental state: agitation, confusion coma
Neuromuscular changes: myoclonus, hyperreflexia, hypertonia, tremor
Autonomic dysfunction: tachycardia, HTN, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, mydriasis (dilated pupil)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the management for serotonin syndrome

A
  1. Admit to hospital
  2. Stop offending medications
  3. Supportive measures (ABCDE) - airway management, renal care, IV fluids, temperature control
  4. Cyproheptadine (antihistamine + serotonin antagonist)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Features of phenothiazine poisoning

A

Hypotension
Hypothermia
Sinus tachycardia + arrhythmias
Dystonic reaction
Convulsions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Management of antipsychotic poisoning

A

Supportive
<1 hour → activated charcoal

14
Q

Features and management for benzodiazepine poisoning

A

Drowsiness
Ataxia
Dysarthria
Nystagmus
Respiratory depression

<1 hour → charcoal
CONSIDER flumazenil

15
Q

Features and management for beta blocker poisoning

A

Bradycardia
Hypotension
Syncope
Heart failure
CNS: drowsiness, confusion, convulsions, hallucinations
Respiratory depression
Bronchospasm

Supportive
<1 hour → activated charcoal
Hypotension → IV fluids, vasopressors/inotropes
Consider IV glucagon for hypotension (Esp if acidotic)
Acidosis → sodium bicarbonate
Bradycaria → atropine, dobutamine
Bronchospasm → nebs

16
Q

Features and management for calcium channel blocker poisoning

A

Nausea & vomiting
Dizziness
Agitation
Confusion
Coma
Metabolic acidosis
Hyperglycaemia

<1 hour → activated charcoal
Calcium chloride/gluconate IM
Bradycardia → atropine

17
Q

Features and management for iron salts poisoning

A

Nausea and vomiting
Abdominal pain
Diarrhoea
Haematemesis
Rectal bleeding
Hypotension + hepatocellular necrosis
Metabolic acidosis

Iron chelation with desferrioxamine mesilate
Measure serum-rion concentration

18
Q

Features and management of lithium poisoning

A

may be triggered by dehydration, NSAIDS, ACEi, diuretics, celecoxib use

Coarse tremor (fine in therapeutic levels)
Hyperreflexia
Nystagmus
CNS: ataxia, confusion, seizures
GI: N&V, renal failure
Polyuria, polydipsia

Haemodialysis

19
Q

Features of amphetamine posioning and management

A

Wakefulness
Excessive activity
Paranoia
Hallucinations
Hypertension
THEN exhaustion, convulsions, hyperthermia, coma

Early → diazepam/lorazepam
Late → tepid sponging, anticonvulsants, artificial respiration

20
Q

Features of cocaine poisoning and management

A

Agitation
Tachycardia
Hypertension
Hyperthermia
Dilated pupils
Hallucinations
Hypertonia and hyperreflexia
Chest pain, arrhythmia

Diazepam

21
Q

Features and management of ecstasy posioning

A

Delirium, Coma, Convulsions
Ventricular arrhythmias
Hyperthermia, hypotension
Rhabdomyolysis
Acute renal failure
Hyponatraemia
Acute hepatitis
DIC
ARDS
Hyperreflexia, intracerebral haemorrhage

Supportive
Convulsions/agitation → Diazepam

22
Q

Features and management of theophylline poisoning

A

Agitation, restlessness
Dilated pupils
Tachycardia, arrhythmias
Hyperglycaemia
Haematemesis
Hypokalaemia

Repeated activated charcoal
Vomiting → ondansetron
Hypokalaemia → potassium chloride
Convulsions → diazepam
Temporarily: beta blocker (helps with tachycardia, hypoK, hyperglycaemia)

23
Q

Management for cyanide poisoning

A

High flow oxygen
Antidote: Dicobalt edetate

Suspected significant poisoning → hydroxycobalamin

24
Q

Management for ethylene glycol and methanol poisoning

A

Fomepizole

Alt: ethanol

25
Q

Management for heavy metal poisoning

A

Antidotes: DMSA, unithiol, sodium calcium edetate, dimercaprol

26
Q

Management for carbon monoxide poisoning

A

High flow oxygen ± artificial respiration
Cerebral oedema → mannitol IV
Consider hyperbaric oxygen treatment

27
Q

Features and management for organophosphorus insecticides

A

Anxiety, restlessness
Dizziness, headache
miosis
Nausea, vomiting, abdo pain, diarrhoea
Hypersalivation
bradycardia
Muscle weakness → flaccid paralysis

Atropine sulfate ± pralidoxime chloride

Y6 Acute (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions