PoF Package Progressions

Question 1

Lift package (13)

Answer 1

• Definition
• Flat plate
• Bernoulli equation
• Venturi
• Aerofoil
• Aerofoil properties/ definitions
• Effect of AoA
• Lift equation
• CL graph
• Factors affecting lift
• Centre of pressure movement
• Lift:Drag ratio
• Ideal aerofoil, high lift/ high speed aerofoil

Question 2

Drag Package (8)

Answer 2

• Definition
• Total drag vs parasite vs induced
• Cd
• Drag tree
• Form
• Skin friction
• Interference
• Induced

Question 3

Climbing & Descending package

Answer 3

• Forces in a climb
• Best angle of climb (excess thrust)
• Best rate of climb (excess power)
• Factors affecting RoC and AoC
• Forces in glide descent
• Factors affecting RoD and AoD
• Climbing and descending turns

Question 4

Range and Endurance package

Answer 4

• Define range
• W=F*d
• Factors to maximise range (minimise drag)
• Define endurance
• P=W/t
• Factors to maximise endurance

Question 5

Instrumentation Package

Answer 5

• Pitot vs static pressure vs dynamic pressure
• Altimeter
• Airspeed Indicator
• Vertical Speed indicator
• Turn co-ordinator

Question 6

Lift Augmentation Package (13)

Answer 6

• Definition
• Effect of flaps
• 4 types of flap
• Flap effect on Cl
• Flap effect on stability
• Slots and Slats
• Controllability
• Trim and balance tabs
• (Anti) Balance tabs
• Aerodynamic balancing
• Mass balancing
• Control at low speed
• Solutions to adverse yaw

Question 7

Mechanics Package (4)

Answer 7

• Newtons laws
• Definitions
• Gas laws
• Curved motion

Question 8

Propeller Package (12)

Answer 8

• Definition
• Propeller terms (Angles and slip)
• Propeller forces
• Propeller efficiency
• Prop twist
• Prop solidity
• Windmilling
• Reverse pitch
• Feathered
• CSU
• Twisting moments
• Swing on take-off

Question 9

Stability Package (8)

Answer 9

• Static
• Dynamic
• Longitudinal
• Directional
• Lateral (Slip)
• Spiral instability
• Dutch roll
• Ground Stability

Question 10

Stalling Package (6)

Answer 10

• Definition
• Symptoms
• Separation and CoP movement
• Why airspeed when it is an AoA
• Factors affecting stall
• Load factor and flap effect on stall

Question 11

Straight and Level Package (5)

Answer 11

• Force couples in S&L
• Moments in S&L
• Turning
• Max rate/min radius turn
• Over-banking

Question 12

Weight, Balance and Performance Package

Answer 12

• Why bother with weight
• Why other with balance
• Load sheet
• Performance definition
• Factors affecting T/O or LDG performance
• How to calculate performance
• Runway performance definitions