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IB English > Poetry: Devices and figurative language > Flashcards

Poetry: Devices and figurative language Flashcards

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Proverbs and Idioms flashcards
1
Q

enjambement

A

a run-on line, continuing into the next without a grammatical break
(no comma at the end of a line)

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2
Q

metaphor

A

a figure of speech which makes a direct comparison of unlike objects using identification or substitution

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3
Q

simile

A

a figure of speech which makes a direct comparison of two unlike objects, using the works like or as

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4
Q

Conceit

A

an extended metaphor, used to create a powerful effect

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5
Q

personification

A

giving objects/animals human qualities

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6
Q

apostrophe

A

an address to a person or personified object not present (or dead)

(Oh sun, please shine on my flowers)

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7
Q

Metonymy

A

the substitution of a word which relates to the object or person to be named in place of the name itself

(not part of the whole)
(the SERPENT lied to me)

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8
Q

Synecdoche

A

a part of something represents the whole object/idea (unlike metonymy)

(the TONGUE lied to me)

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9
Q

hyperbole

A

an exaggeration/overstatement for effect

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10
Q

litotes

A

a form of understatement in which the negative of an antonym is used to achieve emphasis and intensity

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11
Q

irony

A

the contrast between actual meaning and another meaning

verbal: oral
dramatic: audience knowledge vs character knowledge
situational: unexpected outcome of a situation

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12
Q

symbolism

A

the use of one object to suggest another, hidden object/idea

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13
Q

imagery

A

the use of words to represent things/actions/ideas by sensory description

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14
Q

paradox

A

a seemingly self-contradictory statement that underlines a basis of truth

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15
Q

oxymoron

A

contradictory terms used together to expressed a paradox for strong effect

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16
Q

allusion

A

a reference to an outside fact, event or another source

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17
Q

Allegory

A

a story or narrative, often told at some length, which has a deeper meaning below the surface

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18
Q

Ambiguity

A

use of language where the meaning is unclear or has two or more possible interpretations or meanings

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19
Q

Ambivalence

A

indicates more than one possible attitude is being displayed by the writer towards a character, theme, or idea, etc

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20
Q

Anachronism

A

something that is historically inaccurate

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21
Q

Anthropomorphism

A

the endowment of something that is not human with human characteristics

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22
Q

Antithesis

A

contrasting ideas or words that are balanced against each other

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23
Q

Archaic

A

language that is old-fashioned - not completely obsolete but no longer in current use

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24
Q

Atmosphere

A

the prevailing mood created by a piece of writing

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25
Q

Caricature

A

a character described through the exaggeration of a small number of features that he or she possesses

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26
Q

Catharsis

A

a purging of the emotions which takes place at the end of a tragedy

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27
Q

Cliché

A

a phrase, idea, or image that has been used so much that it has lost much of its original meaning, impact, and freshness

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28
Q

Colloquial

A

ordinary, everyday speech and language

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29
Q

Comedy

A

originally simply a play or other work which ended happily. Now we use this term to describe something that is funny and which makes us laugh.

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30
Q

Connotation

A

an implication or association attached to a word or phrase

31
Q

Denouement

A

the ending of a play, novel, or drama where ‘all is revealed’ and the plot is unraveled

32
Q

Diction

A

the choice of words that a writer makes

33
Q

Didactic

A

a work that is intended to preach or teach, often containing a particular moral or political point

34
Q

Dramatic monologue

A

a poem or prose piece in which a character addresses an audience

35
Q

End Stopping

A

a verse line with a pause or a stop at the end of it

36
Q

Euphemism

A

expressing an unpleasant or unsavory idea in a less blunt and more pleasant way

37
Q

Euphony

A

use of pleasant or melodious sounds

38
Q

Figurative language

A

language that is symbolic or metaphorical and not meant to be taken literally

39
Q

Lament

A

a poem expressing intense grief

40
Q

Motif

A

a dominant theme, subject, or idea which runs through a piece of literature

41
Q

Parody

A

a work that is written in imitation of another work, very often with the intention of making fun of the original

42
Q

Pastoral

A

generally, literature concerning rural life with idealizes settings and rustic characters

43
Q

Pathos

A

the effect in literature which makes the reader feel sadness or pity

44
Q

Pun

A

a play on words that have similar sounds but quite different meanings

45
Q

Refrain

A

repetition throughout a poem of a phrase, line, or series of lines, as in the ‘chorus’ of a song

46
Q

Satire

A

the highlighting or exposing of human failings or foolishness within a society through ridiculing them

47
Q

Sestet

A

the last six lines of a sonnet

48
Q

Soliloquy

A

a speech in which a character, alone on stage, expresses his or her thoughts and feelings aloud for the benefit of the audience, often in a revealing way

49
Q

Style

A

the individual way in which a writer has used language to express his or her ideas

50
Q

Syntax

A

the way in which sentences are structured

51
Q

Theme

A

the central idea or ideas that the writer explores through a text

52
Q

tone

A

a literary technique created through the combined effects of a number of features, such as diction, syntax, rhythm, etc

53
Q

caesura

A

a break within a line of verse

54
Q

carpe diem

A

saying that means to make the most of the present and give little thought to the future

55
Q

chiasmus

A

inverted words

56
Q

description

A

text that explains/describes something to help the reader visualize it

57
Q

dues ex machina

A

God’s hand/unexcepted force changes a seemingly hopeless situation

58
Q

digression

A

a temporary departure from the main subject in speech or writing.

59
Q

ellipsis

A

the omission of word(s) that are significant/necessary in a sentence

series of dots

60
Q

epigraph

A

a short quotation or saying at the beginning of a book or chapter, intended to suggest its theme

61
Q

epilogue

A

a conclusion

62
Q

epiphany

A

when a character receives sudden insight

63
Q

exposition

A

explanation of background information to the audience

64
Q

in medias res

A

middle of a narrative

65
Q

jargon

A

use of specific phrases in a particular situation/profession for conveying hidden meanings understood in that situation/profession

66
Q

leitmotif

A

a repeating theme associated with a person, idea or situation

67
Q

lyrical

A

a work that can be sung, or a work with an enthusiastic tone

68
Q

myth

A

a legend/traditional story about an event/hero/gods with little factual explanations

69
Q

nom de plume

A

a pen name

70
Q

parable

A

a simple story with a moral/spiritual lesson

71
Q

parallelism

A

the balance in one or more sentences that are grammatically identical

(ex: the -ing, -ing, -ing)

72
Q

persona

A

the character/speaker in a first-person poem

73
Q

syllogism

A

a conclusion derived from using reason on previous statements

Usually a flawed conclusion

74
Q

volta

A

in an Italian sonnet, the point when the feelings changes; usually between the octave and the sestet

IB English (8 decks)

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