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English 20-1 > Poetry > Flashcards

Poetry Flashcards

1
Q

What is prose?

A

spoken or written words which do not follow a specific metrical pattern. Written words appear in sentence or paragraph form

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2
Q

What is verse?

A

Poem; typically written in metrical pattern

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3
Q

What is a simile?

A

A comparison of two unlike things using ‘‘like’’ or ‘‘as’’

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4
Q

What is a metaphor?

A

A comparison of two unlike things without using ‘‘like’’ or ‘‘as’’

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5
Q

What is an extended metaphor?

A

A metaphor is repeatedly used throughout the poem to develope the poem’s theme (ex. prison = school, teachers = wardens)

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6
Q

What is onomatopoeia?

A

The use of a word whose sound imitates, suggests, and reinforces its meaning

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7
Q

What is personification?

A

Giving human qualities to inhuman things

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8
Q

What is hyperbole?

A

An extreme exaggeration

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9
Q

What is alliteration?

A

the repetition of teh same sound at the start of words

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10
Q

What is assonance?

A

The repetition of similar vowel sounds in a line of poetry

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11
Q

What is consonance?

A

The repetition of similar consonant sounds in a line of poetry

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12
Q

What is cacophony?

A

the use of harsh, discordant sounds for poetic effect

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13
Q

What is euphony?

A

the use of smooth, pleasant sounds for poetic effect

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14
Q

What is an oxymoron?

A

Word or a phrase that combine contradicting or opposite ideas (jumbo shrimp)

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15
Q

What is a paradox?

A

An apparently contradicting statement with an element of truth in it (this is the beginning of the end)

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16
Q

What is aesthetic?

A

artistic; sensitive to beauty (literature, music are aesthetic arts)

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17
Q

What is symbolism?

A

something representing something else (gun = violence)

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18
Q

What is repetition?

A

repeating words, phrases, lines, or stanzas for four possible reasons:
- rhyme
- emphasis
- rhythm
- continuity

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19
Q

What is incremental repetition?

A

A specific type of repetition involving the repetition of whole lines or stanzas with small but significant changes to a few words from one to the next

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20
Q

What is a refrain?

A

Key lines of a poem (stanza) that are repeated at regular intervals within a song (chorus)

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21
Q

What is parallelism?

A

the repetition of key components in a line that have similar gramattical structure. Adds balance, rhythm, and emphasis. Can be very persuasive and memorable

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22
Q

What is an allusion?

A

An indirect reference to a well-known person, place, thing, or event from history, literature, mythology, or the Bible

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23
Q

What is an apostrophe?

A

A direct address to a person, place, thing, or idea in a line of poetry (O world, embrace my fears)

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24
Q

What is a pun?

A

play on words with 3 forms:
- a word with two different meanings
- similarity of meaning in two words that are homonyms
- two words pronounced and spelled similarly but have different meanings

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25
Q

What is a denotation?

A

the literal or dictionary meaning of a word

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26
Q

What is a connotation?

A

the implied meaning of a word based on emotional associations with it

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27
Q

What is a free verse?

A

A poem with no rhyme or rhythmic pattern

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28
Q

What is synecdoche?

A

a part represents a whole

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29
Q

What is juxtaposition?

A

The placing of two or more words side-by-side in a line of poetry which are unrelated

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30
Q

What is a stanza?

A

A group of lines seperated by a line space for four possible reasons:
- different ideas
- rhythm
- thyme
- emphasis

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31
Q

What are the main types of stanzas?

A

rhyming couplet- 2 line stanza that rhymes

quatrain- four line

sestet- six line

octave- eight line

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32
Q

What is a metre?

A

a system for determining the rythmic pattern of a poem according to its stressed and unstressed syallables

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33
Q

What is a foot?

A

a recurrent metric that is measured in units of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of poetry

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34
Q

What are the standard types of feet?

A
  • Iambic (unstressed, stressed)
  • anapestic (two unstressed, one stressed )
  • trochaic (stressed, unstressed)
  • dactylic (stressed, two unstressed)
  • spondaic (two unstressed)
  • pyrrhic (two unstressed)
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35
Q

What are the different types of metrics?

A
  • monometre (one foot )
  • dimetre (two feet)
  • trimetre (three feet)
  • tetra metre (four feet)
  • PENTAMETRE (five feet)
  • etc
36
Q

What is an iambic penta metre?

A

five feet of an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable (10 syllables in total)

36
Q

What is scansion?

A

the process of analyzing a poem to determine its metre and line length

37
Q

What is blank verse?

A

unrhymed imabmic pentametre

38
Q

What are litotes?

A

An understatement in which an affirmative is conveyed by stating a negative (ex. Elvis isn’t a bad singer)

39
Q

What is archaism?

A

The use of words and expressions in literature that have become obsolete in common speech (ex. in sooth)

40
Q

What is metonymy?

A

One term is a direct substitute for another (The crown for King)

41
Q

What is satire?

A

Any work in which ridicules people, ideas, institutions to make a point for reform

42
Q

What is parody?

A

any work in which humourously ridicules a particular style or literary composition through imitation purely for entertainment

43
Q

What is rhyme?

A

similar sounds in words positioned closely together

44
Q

What is beginning rhyme?

A

the rhyme occurs at teh beginning of two or more lines

45
Q

What is internal rhyme?

A

the rhyme occurs within a single line

46
Q

What is end rhyme?

A

the rhyme occurs at the end of two or more lines

47
Q

What is masculine rhyme?

A

the rhyme consists of a single syllable

48
Q

What is feminine rhyme?

A

two syllables rhyme

49
Q

What is triple rhyme?

A

three syllables rhyme

50
Q

What is eye/sight rhyme?

A

words appear to rhyme based on sight but don’t sound the same

51
Q

What is perfect rhyme?

A

the stressed vowel sound in both words must be identical, as well as any subsequent sounds (sky and high)

52
Q

What is half/imperfect rhyme?

A

words in which the final consonants are identical, but the proceeding vowels differ, etc (leave and believe)

53
Q

What is a rhyme scheme?

A

an alphabetical labelling system used to describe the rhyming pattern in a poem

54
Q

What is figureative language?

A

the use of figures of speech

55
Q

What is poetic diction?

A

the words a poet selects to express his/her meaning (poet may adapt the level and type of diction to create certain types of poems)

56
Q

What is pathetic fallacy?

A

nature reflects teh emotions of characters and teh mood of eevents in teh story or poem

57
Q

What is ambiguity?

A

uncertainty produced by words or phrases that have two or more possible meanings

58
Q

What is dysphemism?

A

the use of a crude or shocking word or expression used in place of socially accepted language

59
Q

What is euphemism?

A

the use of pleasant sounding words or phraes to avoid talking about the unpleasant reality

60
Q

What is end-stopped verse?

A

The flow of the poem is stopped at the end of each line by punctuation mark or by the phrasin gof the line

61
Q

What is enjambment?

A

the syntax or cadence of a line of poetry (carries the reader into the next line) (ex. then grinning, he reached wit his freckled wrist/ And drew me up after)

62
Q

What is a caesura?

A

a short but definite pause in a metrical line, often marked by punctuation or by a grammatical boundary, such a phrase or clause (occurs at beginning = initial, occurs at end = terminal)

63
Q

What is dramatic monologue?

A

the narrator typically uses the stream-of-consciousness technique to speak to one or more people who are silent listeners

64
Q

What is stream-of-consciousness/ interior monologue?

A

a series of the narrator’s unedited thoughts

65
Q

What is a persona?

A

The character who narrates the poem that is not the author

66
Q

What is rhythm?

A

the recurrent beat or stress of teh line

67
Q

What is mood?

A

the feeling the reader gets from reading the work

68
Q

What is tone?

A

the writer’s attitude towards the subject and audience

69
Q

What is voice?

A

the distinctive personality of the speaker or persona (or author) coming through in a work

70
Q

What is poetic license?

A

allows the poet to depart from standard grammatical choices and word choices to create a unique poem

71
Q

What is archetype?

A

plots, themes, characters, or images which are identifiable in a wide variety of literature, myths, dreams, and ritualized modes of social behaviour

72
Q

What is poetic justice?

A

Character recieves their just reward or punishment for deeds done

73
Q

What is imagery?

A

figurative language using the 5 sensed to create metaphors, similes, personification, vivid descriptions to produce mental pictures

74
Q

What is narrative poetry?

A

tells about people involved in a sequence of important events and contains characters, settings, and plots

include ballads and epics

75
Q

What is traditional/popular/folk ballad?

A
  • belong to early periods before much was written
  • one of the ealiest forms of folk literature
  • usually several variations
  • usually anonymous (passed through generations)
  • strong rhythm
  • usually has repetition
  • usually sung
  • simple rhyme scheme
  • often tragic
76
Q

What is modern/literary/art ballad?

A
  • name of author is given
  • composed by a persona who considers themselves to be a poet
  • highly polished, artistic, and detailed
  • literary devices carefully chocsen
  • not much repetition
  • not composed to be sung
77
Q

What is an epic?

A

long, serious, narrative poem recounting the deeds of heroes from legends or history

78
Q

What is the lyrical poetry class?

A

Poet expressed desires, feelings, emotions, or ideals

has long and short ones

79
Q

What are the types of short lyrical poetry?

A

epigram- brief, witty statement expressed in two to four lines

epitaph- two to four line poetic inscription on a tombstone

80
Q

What are the types of long lyrical poetry?

A

elegy- a dignified poem expressing poet’s sorrow or praise for the dead

ode- entire poem is addressed to some person, crate, or object; is serious and dignified style

sonnet- has 14 lines, written in iambic pentametre, has a complicated rhyme scheme

81
Q

What is the shakespearean/English sonnet?

A
  • ABAB CDCD EFEF GG rhyme scheme
  • three quatrains and one rhming couplet
82
Q

What is the petrarchan/Italian Sonnet?

A
  • ABBA ABBA CDECDE rhyme scheme
  • one octave and one sestet
83
Q

What is the dramatic poetry class?

A

intended to be read aloud or performed in front of an audience. Usually revealed through monologue or dialogue

84
Q

What is social commentary class?

A

commnets on society’s social habits, customs, and problems to promote much needed changes in teh individual or in society

English 20-1 (6 decks)

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