Poetry Flashcards
- a type of literature based on the interplay of words and rhythm.
- It often employs rhyme and meter (a set of rules governing the number and arrangement of syllables in each line).
Poetry
It is the recurring pattern of stressed (accented, or long) and unstressed (unaccented, or short) syllables in lines of a set length.
Rhythm
3 classifications of rhythm
Stanza
Meter
Foot
It is the equivalent of a paragraph in prose.
The number of lines varies in different kinds of ___, but it is uncommon for a ___ to have more than twelve lines.
The pattern is determined by the number of feet in each line, and by its metrical or rhyme scheme.
Stanza
2 lines 3 lines 4 lines 5 lines 6 lines 7 lines 8 lines 9 lines 10 lines
2 = heroic couplet 3 = tercet, terza rima 4 = Quatrain 5 = Quintet 6 = Sestet 7 = septet, heptastich 8 = octet, octava rima 9 = nonet, Spenserian Stanza 10 = Decastich
- It is the basic rhythmic structure of a line.
- It consists of two components: (a) number of syllables and (b) a pattern of emphasis on those syllables.
- The pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables in a line of verse.
Meter
= unstressed, stressed (ta-TUM)
= stressed, unstressed (TUM-ta)
= (1) stressed, (2) unstressed (TUM-ta-ta)
= (2) unstressed, (1) stressed (ta-ta-TUM)
= (2) stressed (TUM-TUM)
= (2) unstressed (ta-ta)
Iamb Trochee Dactyl Anapest Spondee Phyrrus
- It is the basic unit of verse meter consisting of any of various fixed combinations or group of stressed and unstressed syllables.
- Groups of syllables are known as metrical feet; each line of verse is made up of a set number of feet.
Foot
= 1 syllable = 2 syllables = 3 syllables = 4 syllables = 5 syllables = 6 syllables = 7 syllables = 8 syllables = 9 syllables
Monometer Dimeter Trimeter Tetrameter Pentameter Hexameter Heptameter Octameter Nonameter
It refers to the regular recurrence of similar sounds
Rhyme
recurrence of similar sounds usually the end of the lines
end rhyme
recurrence of similar sounds within the line
internal rhyme
the stress is on the final syllable
Example: mind-behind
Single Rhyme
the stress is penultimate or second-to-last syllable
Example: toasting-roasting
Double Rhyme
the stress on the antepenultimate or third-from-last
Example: terrible-wearable
Dactylic Rhyme
the same sounds occur in two words but in unstressed syllable.
Example: thing-missing
Imperfect/Near Rhyme
homonyms in English don’t satisfy the rules of perfect rhymes because while the vowels are matching, the preceding consonants also match therefore the rhyme is considered inferior.
Example: way-whey-weigh
Identical Rhyme
many words are spelled in the same way, yet have different pronunciations.
Example: good-food
Eye Rhyme
It is the repetition of identical consonant sounds.
Example: Full fathom five thy father lies.
Alliteration
Device where the sound of the words suggests the thing itself.
Example: tinkle, whisper, hiss, buzz, bang, crash, zoom, murmur
Onomatopoeia
Repetition of vowel sounds followed by different consonant sounds.
Example: O, the groans that opened to his ears.
Assonance
Repetition of final consonant sounds that are preceded by different vowel sounds.
Example: The beast climbed fast to the crest.
Consonance
is the speaker, the “I” of the poem. It is a fictional personage, not at all equivalent to the poet, who may not be speaking to the reader but to another character in the poem.
Persona
are images or concrete references that stand for something else in reality and suggest another level of meaning
Symbols
is a term with a range of meanings, all of them involving some sort of discrepancy or incongruity
Irony
3 Types of Irony
- Verbal Irony
- Dramatic Irony
- Situational Irony
it occurs when a narrator or character says one thing and means something else. What is said is actually the opposite of what is meant/intended.
Verbal Irony
it occurs when a reader perceives something that a character or narrator in a work of literature does not know. It is also the contrast between what a character or narrator says and what a reader knows to be true.
Dramatic Irony
it is the discrepancy between appearance and reality, or between expectation and fulfillment, or between what is and what would seem appropriate
Situational Irony
- refers to expressions evocative of sensuous appeal. It may be in the form of direct description or may be figurative (visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory, and gustatory).
- It is the use of words to create pictures.
In other words, it is the creation of pictures or images in the mind of the reader’s by the use of words that appeal to the senses.
Imagery
7 types of Imagery
- Visual imagery
- Auditory imagery
- Olfactory imagery
- Gustatory imagery
- Tactile imagery
- Kinesthetic imagery
- Organic imagery
appeals to the sense of sight, and plays the largest role in imagery in literature. Anything relating to visual scenes, graphics, pictures, or the sense of sight.
Visual imagery
relates to sounds, noises, music, sense of hearing or choosing words with a sound that imitates real sounds in the form of onomatopoeia. Words such as “bang!” “achoo!” “cacaw!” “buzz!” all work to describe sounds that most people are familiar with.
Auditory imagery
concerns aromas, smell, odors, scents, or the sense of smell. Olfactory imagery describes a particular scent.
Olfactory imagery
pertains to tastes, flavors, palates or the sense of taste. In other words, gustatory imagery refers to words, descriptions or pictures in your brain that make you think of taste.
Gustatory imagery
concerns to physical touches, textures or the sense of touch.
Tactile imagery
extends beyond the five senses. This imagery deals with the movement or action of objects or people. It pertains to movements or the sense of bodily motion.
Kinesthetic imagery
- concerns on feeling or emotion within the reader.
- or subjective imagery, pertains to personal experiences of a character’s body, including emotion and the senses of hunger, thirst, fatigue, and pain.
Organic imagery
- the attitude of the speaker or persona in the poem towards another character or towards his subject matter: angry, hopeful, bitter, nostalgic, compassionate, admiring, sorrowful, amused, sincere, sarcastic, etc. It is generally conveyed through the choice of words, or the viewpoint of a writer on a particular subject.
Tone
- also known as atmosphere
- is the overall feeling for the audience an author creates in his writing.
- When you read a text and you have a particular feeling that you associate with the descriptive language, you are experiencing mood.
Mood
- is the central message or meaning of the poem.
- The truth about life is revealed and enlightened in the poem.
- It can be stated directly or indirectly.
- It is the human condition and the system of values that the topic of the literature deals with.
Theme
