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English Literature (Connolly) > Poems Context > Flashcards

Poems Context Flashcards

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1
Q

What is some context in ‘Non Sum Qualis…’ that would suggest barriers to love is a theme?

A
  • when Dowson was 23 he proposed to a family friend who was a minor
  • obsessive/ forbidden love
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2
Q

While Dowson was at Oxford, what group was he a member of? What was their focus?

A
  • The Rhymers’ club

- rejected literary naturalism and embraced experimental modes of writing

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3
Q

When was the point of Dowson’s decline?

A
  • after the death and suicide of his parents
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4
Q

Ernest Dowson was involved in the Decadent movement. What was the 19th century artistic and literary movement inspired by?

A
  • Gothic tradition
  • symbolism
  • aestheticism
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5
Q

How did aestheticism and decadence shock the Victorian establishment?

A
  • challenging traditional values
  • foregrounding sensuality
  • promoting artistic, sexual and political experimentation
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6
Q

What are key features/ focuses of the Decadent movement?

A
  • artificial imagery
  • interest in perversity, paradox and in transgressive modes of sexuality
  • classical references
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7
Q

19th-century saw earth-shattering scientific advances, this progressed blind faith in science and technology to solve problems. How did the Decadence movement react against this?

A
  • Decadent imagination developed around the social and intellectual instability and uncertainty emerging after the scientific progression
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8
Q

What personal grief would suggest that John Keats was particularly conscious of his own mortality?

A
  • death of his brother from TB
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9
Q

How does medieval literature connect women and water?

A
  • water is used to weaken men
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10
Q

What genre/ style did Keats belong to?

A
  • Romanticism (leading figure)
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11
Q

After Keats was infected with TB, he became acquainted with Fanny Brawne. How was their relationship?

A
  • intimate and passionate, though unconsummated

- he was too ill and too poor to marry her

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12
Q

What are some features of Romanticism?

A
  • emphasis on emotion and individualism
  • glorification of all past and nature, preferring the medieval rather than the classical
  • authentic emotion
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13
Q

What was Romanticism a reaction to?

A
  • partly to the Industrial Revolution, aristocratic social and political norms of the Age of Enlightenment, scientific rationalisation of nature
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14
Q

What are some quintessentially Romantic concerns included in some of Keats’ great odes?

A
  • beauty of nature
  • relationship between imagination and creativity
  • response of the passions to beauty and suffering
  • transience of human life in time
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15
Q

How does Keats revive features of medieval literature?

A
  • classic dream sequence in ballad form
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16
Q

What is the relevance of Hardy’s poem ‘At an Inn’ being written in 1898 and his wife’s death in 1912?

A
  • it’s possible that his feelings for his secretary are close to love but cannot be public due to the sanctity of marriage
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17
Q

How is Thomas Hardy described?

A
  • a Victorian realist
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18
Q

What were some of Hardy’s influences?

A
  • Romanticism (especially Wordsworth)

- Charles Dickens

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19
Q

‘The Ruined Maid’ was written by Hardy in 1866, very early in his writing career. What relevance does this have?

A
  • even as a young man he was ahead of his time in his views on women
  • Victorian society had one acceptable rule for women, whereas Hardy was forcing his reader to question these conventional values
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20
Q

What was a particular focus of Hardy’s writing? How did Hardy use literature?

A
  • exploring the effects of different social ills
  • used it as a way of exploring the nature of contemporary society: its attitudes and moral codes
  • especially focuses on the hypocrisy of Victorian society
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21
Q

How does Hardy’s writing show a shift from Romantic sensibility?

A
  • focused more on accurately portraying the world and exploring its social and moral make-up, rules and hypocrisies
22
Q

Within ‘The Ruined Maid,’ how is it evident that there was an attempt for literature to explore the differing experiences of people across the country and society?

A
  • efforts made to represent the speech patterns of particular regions and social groups
  • much broader social focus
23
Q

What were some of the strict elements of Victorian morality promoted by Queen Victoria?

A
  • wanted to promote image of a quiet, religious family unit with very clearly defined gender roles
24
Q

How was the term “fallen women” used? How did the definition develop in the 19th century?

A
  • to describe a woman who has ‘lost her innocence’ and fallen from the grace of God
  • meaning came to be closely associated with loss/ surrender of a woman’s chastity
  • fallenness was a result of a woman’s deviation from social norms
25
Q

What did Victorian morality comment about a woman’s sexuality?

A
  • to be socially and morally acceptable, a woman’s sexuality and experience should be entirely restricted to marriage
26
Q

Who was Christina Rossetti influenced by?

A
  • Romantic poets

- Italien writers

27
Q

What kind of difficulties did Rossetti face in her life?

A
  • financial difficulties
  • wasn’t unusual to die young (ie. death was more frequently experienced due to high death rates)
  • had a nervous breakdown
28
Q

What kind of ideas and values did she take from the Pre-Raphaelite movement? How was her poetry inspired by this?

A
  • more natural and realistic, harking back to early Renaissance
  • serious, heartfelt
  • rich details, clear and simple language/ rhyme schemes, medieval images etc
29
Q

How did her Anglo-Catholic beliefs influence her poetry? (especially relevant for Remember)

A
  • spiritual outweighs the material, partly influential in regards to death
30
Q

What kind of poet was Byron?

A
  • Romantic
31
Q

Why was he described as ‘mad, bad and dangerous to know’?

A
  • flamboyant
  • numerous love affairs with rumours surrounding them
  • breakdown of marriage
32
Q

How do Byron’s Romantic values impact on ‘She Walks in Beauty’?

A
  • glorification of nature - “like the night” “raven tresses”

- necessity of light and dark - search for harmony and balance

33
Q

What event is said to have inspired ‘She Walks in Beauty’?

A
  • sight of cousin-by-marriage wearing mourning clothes
34
Q

What kind of poet is Burns?

A
  • early Romantic
35
Q

Which circumstance inspired ‘Ae fond kiss’?

A
  • genuine platonic love with Nancy who left for Jamaica to reconcile with her husband
36
Q

Why is Burns often classed as a proto-Romantic?

A
  • sensitivity
  • value of feeling and emotion
  • spontaneity
37
Q

In what way could Blake be considered pre-Romantic?

A
  • deeply philosophical
38
Q

Outline Blake’s attitudes to religion. How does this impact ‘The Garden of Love’?

A
  • incredibly, but deeply distrustful of the Church of England
  • explicitly references a ‘priest’
  • rejected nature of organised Church
  • believed religious and social laws were unjust
39
Q

What are the Songs of Innocence and the Songs of Experience - where is the ‘Garden of Love’ featured?

A
  • two collections of poetry with similar ideas
  • exploration into how society corrupts innocence
  • Songs of Experience
40
Q

How would you define Rochester as a ‘libertine’?

A
  • one who indulges freely in sensual pleasures without regard to moral principles
41
Q

What does Rochester respond to and reject?

A
  • Puritan morality and society
42
Q

How does Donne break traditional conventions?

A
  • breaks many ‘rules’ of love poetry

- rethinks love in a theatrical way

43
Q

How does ‘The Flea’ fit into the literary conventions of metaphysical poetry?

A
  • large amount of wit
  • aimed to shock
  • based on conceit
  • inclusion of hyperbole
  • unusual analogy
  • direct language
44
Q

How would you describe Lovelace? (The Scrutiny)

A
  • Cavalier poet
45
Q

How would you characterise the Cavalier poets?

A
  • morally lax
  • wish to express the joy and simple gratification of celebratory things
  • enjoying life is far more important than following moral codes
  • shallow
  • superficial
  • supercilious
  • blase
46
Q

What tends to be the focus of Cavalier poetry?

A
  • focuses more on conduct and manners/ relations between people
47
Q

How might we characterise Non Sum Qualis as a Decadent poem?

A
  • mindless pleasure with underlying pain
48
Q

Why does Wyatt use the sonnet form?

A
  • it is the contemporary form of expressing love
49
Q

What does Keats do with the conventions of a courtly love poem?

A
  • he plays with them
50
Q

A sense of madness and wild/ violent images are used in Downson’s poem, what literature are they typical of?

A
  • fin de siecle (ie. end of the century)
51
Q

How do we know that Lovelace can be interpreted as a satirical poet?

A
  • the hyperbolic tone reinforces this interpretation
52
Q

What kind of love could you consider Rossetti’s poem to explore?

A
  • agape/ selfless love

English Literature (Connolly) (8 decks)

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