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Podiatry 101 > Podiatry 101 > Flashcards

Podiatry 101 Flashcards

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1
Q

Highlight difference between disease and illness

A

Disease is physiologically/biologically based while illness can be subjective and generally refers to the human experience of ill health
Disease is seen as a biomedical concept while illness is seen as a biopyschosocial concept

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2
Q

When did the term biopsychosocial come from

A

Existing biomedical model wasn’t enough, has to take into account the patient, social context, healthcare system which requires biopsychosocial model without sacrificing the biomedical approach and its benefits

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3
Q

Biological factors of biopsychosocial model

A

Genetic vulnerability, sex, immune function, stress reactivity, impairments, neurochemistry, medication effects and environment interactions

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4
Q

Social factors of biopsychosocial model

A

Social support, family background, cultural traditions, socioeconomic situation and education

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5
Q

Psychological factors of biopsychosocial model

A

Learning, memory, attitudes/beliefs, past experiences, expectations of future experiences, personality, behaviours and coping skills

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6
Q

What is ICF

A

International classification of functioning, disability and health providing standard language and framework to describe and measure health on an individual and population level

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7
Q

Highlight difference between functioning and disability

A

Functioning refers to all body functions, activities and participation while disability suggests impairments, limitations and restrictions related to activity and participation

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8
Q

What does body part suggest?

A

Body functions(systems in the body), body structures(anatomical body parts) and physical impairment(abnormality)

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9
Q

What does activity suggest?

A

Activity(any task or action), capabilities(any tasks they can engage in despite impairment) and limitation(difficulty in performing activity)

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10
Q

What does participation suggest?

A

Participation(everyday life situations), capability(any situations they can engage in despite impairment) and restrictions(difficulty in participation in everyday life situations)

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11
Q

What does environmental factors suggest?

A

External factors(Everything to do with their physical, social, cultural and attitudinal environment

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12
Q

What does personal factors suggest?

A

Intrinsic factors(Nothing to do with their environment, their own personal factors)

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13
Q

What is intervention/prevention for health condition?

A

I: Medical treatment/care, medication
P: Health promotion, nutrition and immunisation

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14
Q

What is intervention/prevention for impairment?

A

I: Medical treatment/care, medication and surgery
P: Prevent further development of impairment

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15
Q

What is intervention/prevention for activity limitation?

A

I: Assistive devices, personal assistance and rehabilitation therapy
P: Prevent further development of participation restriction

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16
Q

What is intervention/prevention for participation restriction?

A

I: Accommodations, public education, anti-discrimination law and universal design
P: Environmental change, employment strategies, accessible services and universal design

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17
Q

What is ottawa charter?

A

Health promotion and prevention

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18
Q

Action plan for ottawa charter?

A
  1. Develop personal skills
    2.Creating supportive environments
    3.Strengthening community action
    4.Reorienting health services
    5.Buildig healthy public policy
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19
Q

What is a chronic condition?

A

Health condition with minimum duration of 3-6 months and can have ongoing, persistent effects

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20
Q

Why are chronic conditions ongoing?

A

Substantially ill health, disability and premature death

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21
Q

List chronic conditions a podiatrist may encounter

A

Arthritis, asthma, back pain, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, mental health conditions and osteoporosis

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22
Q

Chronic conditions are characterised by what?

A

Complex causes, multiple risk factors, slow onset, long latency, prolonged course and unlikelihood of cure

23
Q

What does prevalence mean?

A

Percentage of population affected by a chronic condition at a specific time

24
Q

What are health determinants?

A

Social, economic, physical and personal factors that influence health of individuals and communities

25
Q

Examples of health determinants?

A

Income and social status, education, physical environment, employment, working conditions, social support, culture, genetics, coping skills, health services and gender

26
Q

Arthritis risk factors?

A

Physical inactivity and excess weight

27
Q

Cardiovascular disease risk factors?

A

Tobacco, high blood pressure, high cholestorol, physical inactivity, excess weight, poor diet and excessive alcohol use

28
Q

Diabetes risk factors?

A

Excess weight, physical inactivity and poor diet

29
Q

What is critical thinking?

A

Application of intellectual standards including logical and clarity to our analytical thinking. Being aware of your analytical thinking improves your decision-making ability.

30
Q

What is critical reasoning?

A

Critical thinking in an clinical practice situation

31
Q

What is deduction?

A

Judgement based on accepted criteria

32
Q

What is induction??

A

Judgement generalising from limited information without further testing

33
Q

List 8 hypothesis categories

A

1.Activtiy and participation capability/restriction
2.Pyschosocial
3.Problem classification/podiatry diagnosis
4.Impairments in body function or structure
5. Contributing factors to development and maintenance of problem
6.Precautions and contraindications to physical examination and treatment
7.Management/treatment selection and progression
8.Prognosis

34
Q

Provide example of acute model of care

A

1.Examine
2.Diagnose
3.Treat/Intervention
4.Fix
5.Discharge

35
Q

How to measure obesity?

A

BMI and waist measurement

36
Q

What equipment is required to measure obesity?

A

Height measure, scales, calculator and chart

37
Q

What BMI is considered risky?

A

25 or more is considered overweight and obese is considered 30 or more

38
Q

What waist measurement is considered risky?

A

Anything above 94cm for men while above 80cm for women

39
Q

What are the principles for risk management?

A

Be aware of risk factors, links between risk factors and conditions, modifiable risk factors, measurement strategies. benchmarks for risk/protection, evidence for interventions and reflect on podiatry scope

40
Q

What is arthritis?

A

Deterioration of articular cartilage

41
Q

What is emphysema?

A

Lungs cannot deliver oxygen to blood effectively

42
Q

What is stroke?

A

Insufficient oxygen delivery to the brain

43
Q

What are some consequences of chronic disease?

A

Loss of physical conditioning, fatigue, emotional distress, sleeping problems and concern for the future

44
Q

What is self-management?

A

When the person with chronic condition engages in healthy habits and activities, monitoring and managing symptoms.

45
Q

What are the 6 principles of self-management?

A

1.Have knowledge on their condition
2.Follow treatment plan based on guidance from health professionals
3.Actively share decision making with health professionals
4.Monitor and manage signs and symptoms of their condition
5.Manage the impact of the condition of their physical, emotional and social life
6.Adopt healthy habits and lifestyle changes that promote health

46
Q

What does SOAP stand for?

A

Subjective Objective Assessment Plan

47
Q

What is subjective assessment?

A

Discover information about the patient and why they have come to see you
Keep in mind NOLDCATS-Nature/Onset/Location/Duration/Cause/Alleviation/Treatment/Severity

48
Q

List subjective questions

A

How may I help you today?
How would you describe the pain?
When is it most painful?
Where exactly is the pain?
How long has it been hurting for?
Any history of surgery or injury in your lower limb?
What makes it better/worse?
Have you done anything for it? Seen anyone?

49
Q

What is objective assessment?

A

Physical examination of patient involving look/listen/palpate/move

50
Q

Provide examples of objective assessment

A

Palpation
Neurovascular assessment
Gait analysis
Muscle testing
Footwear assessment

51
Q

What is assessment?

A

Based on subjective and objective findings, identify overall assessment of patient and the cause of signs and symptoms

52
Q

What is plan?

A

A medical treatment/management plan for your patient short/intermediate/long-term

53
Q

Provide examples of plans related to podiatry

A

Callus debridement
Taping
Strengthening and stretching
Shockwave therapy
Custom foot orthotics
Ingrown toenail surgery
Education on footwear

Podiatry 101 (3 decks)

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