Podiatry 101 Flashcards
Highlight difference between disease and illness
Disease is physiologically/biologically based while illness can be subjective and generally refers to the human experience of ill health
Disease is seen as a biomedical concept while illness is seen as a biopyschosocial concept
When did the term biopsychosocial come from
Existing biomedical model wasn’t enough, has to take into account the patient, social context, healthcare system which requires biopsychosocial model without sacrificing the biomedical approach and its benefits
Biological factors of biopsychosocial model
Genetic vulnerability, sex, immune function, stress reactivity, impairments, neurochemistry, medication effects and environment interactions
Social factors of biopsychosocial model
Social support, family background, cultural traditions, socioeconomic situation and education
Psychological factors of biopsychosocial model
Learning, memory, attitudes/beliefs, past experiences, expectations of future experiences, personality, behaviours and coping skills
What is ICF
International classification of functioning, disability and health providing standard language and framework to describe and measure health on an individual and population level
Highlight difference between functioning and disability
Functioning refers to all body functions, activities and participation while disability suggests impairments, limitations and restrictions related to activity and participation
What does body part suggest?
Body functions(systems in the body), body structures(anatomical body parts) and physical impairment(abnormality)
What does activity suggest?
Activity(any task or action), capabilities(any tasks they can engage in despite impairment) and limitation(difficulty in performing activity)
What does participation suggest?
Participation(everyday life situations), capability(any situations they can engage in despite impairment) and restrictions(difficulty in participation in everyday life situations)
What does environmental factors suggest?
External factors(Everything to do with their physical, social, cultural and attitudinal environment
What does personal factors suggest?
Intrinsic factors(Nothing to do with their environment, their own personal factors)
What is intervention/prevention for health condition?
I: Medical treatment/care, medication
P: Health promotion, nutrition and immunisation
What is intervention/prevention for impairment?
I: Medical treatment/care, medication and surgery
P: Prevent further development of impairment
What is intervention/prevention for activity limitation?
I: Assistive devices, personal assistance and rehabilitation therapy
P: Prevent further development of participation restriction
What is intervention/prevention for participation restriction?
I: Accommodations, public education, anti-discrimination law and universal design
P: Environmental change, employment strategies, accessible services and universal design
What is ottawa charter?
Health promotion and prevention
Action plan for ottawa charter?
- Develop personal skills
2.Creating supportive environments
3.Strengthening community action
4.Reorienting health services
5.Buildig healthy public policy
What is a chronic condition?
Health condition with minimum duration of 3-6 months and can have ongoing, persistent effects
Why are chronic conditions ongoing?
Substantially ill health, disability and premature death
List chronic conditions a podiatrist may encounter
Arthritis, asthma, back pain, cancer, cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, mental health conditions and osteoporosis
Chronic conditions are characterised by what?
Complex causes, multiple risk factors, slow onset, long latency, prolonged course and unlikelihood of cure
What does prevalence mean?
Percentage of population affected by a chronic condition at a specific time
What are health determinants?
Social, economic, physical and personal factors that influence health of individuals and communities
Examples of health determinants?
Income and social status, education, physical environment, employment, working conditions, social support, culture, genetics, coping skills, health services and gender
Arthritis risk factors?
Physical inactivity and excess weight
Cardiovascular disease risk factors?
Tobacco, high blood pressure, high cholestorol, physical inactivity, excess weight, poor diet and excessive alcohol use
Diabetes risk factors?
Excess weight, physical inactivity and poor diet
What is critical thinking?
Application of intellectual standards including logical and clarity to our analytical thinking. Being aware of your analytical thinking improves your decision-making ability.
What is critical reasoning?
Critical thinking in an clinical practice situation
What is deduction?
Judgement based on accepted criteria
What is induction??
Judgement generalising from limited information without further testing
List 8 hypothesis categories
1.Activtiy and participation capability/restriction
2.Pyschosocial
3.Problem classification/podiatry diagnosis
4.Impairments in body function or structure
5. Contributing factors to development and maintenance of problem
6.Precautions and contraindications to physical examination and treatment
7.Management/treatment selection and progression
8.Prognosis
Provide example of acute model of care
1.Examine
2.Diagnose
3.Treat/Intervention
4.Fix
5.Discharge
How to measure obesity?
BMI and waist measurement
What equipment is required to measure obesity?
Height measure, scales, calculator and chart
What BMI is considered risky?
25 or more is considered overweight and obese is considered 30 or more
What waist measurement is considered risky?
Anything above 94cm for men while above 80cm for women
What are the principles for risk management?
Be aware of risk factors, links between risk factors and conditions, modifiable risk factors, measurement strategies. benchmarks for risk/protection, evidence for interventions and reflect on podiatry scope
What is arthritis?
Deterioration of articular cartilage
What is emphysema?
Lungs cannot deliver oxygen to blood effectively
What is stroke?
Insufficient oxygen delivery to the brain
What are some consequences of chronic disease?
Loss of physical conditioning, fatigue, emotional distress, sleeping problems and concern for the future
What is self-management?
When the person with chronic condition engages in healthy habits and activities, monitoring and managing symptoms.
What are the 6 principles of self-management?
1.Have knowledge on their condition
2.Follow treatment plan based on guidance from health professionals
3.Actively share decision making with health professionals
4.Monitor and manage signs and symptoms of their condition
5.Manage the impact of the condition of their physical, emotional and social life
6.Adopt healthy habits and lifestyle changes that promote health
What does SOAP stand for?
Subjective Objective Assessment Plan
What is subjective assessment?
Discover information about the patient and why they have come to see you
Keep in mind NOLDCATS-Nature/Onset/Location/Duration/Cause/Alleviation/Treatment/Severity
List subjective questions
How may I help you today?
How would you describe the pain?
When is it most painful?
Where exactly is the pain?
How long has it been hurting for?
Any history of surgery or injury in your lower limb?
What makes it better/worse?
Have you done anything for it? Seen anyone?
What is objective assessment?
Physical examination of patient involving look/listen/palpate/move
Provide examples of objective assessment
Palpation
Neurovascular assessment
Gait analysis
Muscle testing
Footwear assessment
What is assessment?
Based on subjective and objective findings, identify overall assessment of patient and the cause of signs and symptoms
What is plan?
A medical treatment/management plan for your patient short/intermediate/long-term
Provide examples of plans related to podiatry
Callus debridement
Taping
Strengthening and stretching
Shockwave therapy
Custom foot orthotics
Ingrown toenail surgery
Education on footwear
