POD 2 Flashcards
1
Q
what are some REQUIREMENTS of RENEWABLE SOURCES?
A
- accessible
- economically viable
- limit greenhouse gases
2
Q
what is BIOMASS?
A
any organic matter produced by photosynthetic conversion of light energy into chemical energy
3
Q
justify the NEED for BIOMASS
A
as fossil fuels become more expensive and scarce, greater use will be made of biomass
4
Q
what are some PROBLEMS with BIOMASS?
A
- uneconomic when fossil fuels cheap
- considerable energy needed to plant, harvest and process crops
- land required to grow energy crops compete with food crops
5
Q
how can ENERGY stored in CARBON COMPOUNDS be RELEASED?
A
- burning dry plants
- convert cellulose to methane using anaerobic bacteria
- convert starches and sugars to ethanol by fermentation
6
Q
what is CONDENSATION POLYMERISATION?
A
functional groups of monomer molecules combining and eliminating small molecule
7
Q
what is a FUNCTIONAL GROUP?
A
attach to carbon chains and alter chemical behaviour
8
Q
what are some CONDENSATION POLYMERS?
A
- nylon
- polyester
- starch
- cellulose
9
Q
describe the STRUCTURE and PROPERTIES of CELLULOSE
A
- alternating flagpoles
- flat and straight
- C-O-C bond
- 1,4-beta glycoside link
- hydroxyl groups available for hydrogen bonding
- rigid and resistant to chemical attack
- hydroxyl group unexposed
- insoluble
10
Q
describe the transformation of CELLULOSE to GLUCOSE
A
- cellulose soaked in hot water and sodium hydroxide
- cellulose separated from lignin
- cellulose added
11
Q
what are some LIMITATIONS of NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES?
A
- greenhouse gas emissions
- limited and diminishing supply
- disposal problems as not biodegradable
