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CC LEC MIDTERM > POC testing > Flashcards

POC testing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the measure of center

A
  • mean
  • median
  • mode
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2
Q

most commonly used and often called the
average

A

mean

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3
Q

: is the “middle” point and is often used with
skewed data so its calculation is not significantly affected
by outliers.

A

median

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4
Q

rarely used as a measure of the data’s center
but is more often used to describe data that seem to have
two centers

A

mode

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5
Q

The foundation for monitoring performance
(known as QC

A

descriptive statistics

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6
Q

imply the largest value in the
data minus the smallest value, which
represents the extremes of data one might
encounter.

A

range

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7
Q

most frequently used measure of
variation

A

SD

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8
Q

most frequently occurring value in a
data set. Although it is seldom used to describe data,
it is referred to when in reference to the shape of
data, a bimodal distribution

A

mode

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9
Q

MEASURE OF SPREAD

A
  • range
  • SD
  • coefficient of variation
  • SD index
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10
Q

similar to the mean in that it
is an average.

A

variance

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11
Q

calculated by dividing the SD by
the mean and multiplying by 100 to
express it as a percentage

A

coefficient of variation

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12
Q

the average of the squared
distances of all values from the mean

A

variance

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13
Q

A solution of known characteristics and of
known value or whose concentration is
accurately known

A

standard solution

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14
Q

Serve as a reference for unknown

A

standard solution

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15
Q

For precision

A

CONTROL SOLUTION

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16
Q

For accuracy

A

standard solution

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17
Q

WHEN TO PERFORM QUALITY CONTROL

A
  • Beginning of each shift (Daily testing)
  • New instrument
  • After an instrument is serviced
  • When reagent lots are changed
  • After calibration and
  • Whenever patient results seem
    inappropriate
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18
Q

It sets the spectrophotometer
reading to zero

A

blank solution

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19
Q

The fundamental basis of any statistical
analysis

A
  • Machine problems
  • Contaminated reagent
  • Technical errors
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20
Q

Distilled water as reagent blank
vs Specific reagent per analyte

A

blank solution

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21
Q

A solution composed of several known constituents which can be run simultaneously with the test to check the accuracy of the results.

A

control solution

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22
Q

The mathematical result when the summation
of data is divided by the total number of data

A

Arithmetic Value or Mean or average (x)

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23
Q

It is the percentile expression of the mean which is measure of the relative magnitude of variability.

A

Coefficient of Variation (CV)

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24
Q

Stable for a long period of time

A

control solution

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25
Q

It is the statement of the extent of variation in any series of
measurement

A

SD

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26
Q

It is the ratio of the standard deviation over the mean expressed in percent

A

CV

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27
Q

It is a measure of the distribution range of values around the mean value or
average

A

SD

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28
Q

It is a statement of variability and measures the significant differences
between groups of data

A

Variance

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29
Q

Example of histograms

A
  • Shewhart-Levey Jennings Chart
  • Gaussian Curve
  • Cumulative Sum Graph
    -Youden Plot
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30
Q

It will group any series of measurement in the same sample in
a cluster around the mean in a bell shaped curve

A

Gaussian Curve

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31
Q

Most commonly used quality charts or histograms

A

Shewhart-Levey Jennings Chart

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32
Q

with x and y axis

A

Youden Plot

33
Q

value is zero and not the mean.

A

Cumulative Sum Graph

34
Q

Cumulative Sum Graph also known as

A

CUSUM graph

35
Q

Gaussian Curve also known as

A

Gaussian distribution curve, normal
distribution curve and commonly the bell-shaped curve

36
Q

also known as dot chart

A

Shewhart-Levey Jennings Chart

37
Q

Shewhart-Levey Jennings Chart also referred as

A

Levey-Jenning chart, S-L/J

38
Q

Plotted with the accumulated differences from the mean of
individual values with the middle value being zero.

A

Cumulative Sum Graph

39
Q

A 2-mean chart drawn at right angles to one another with the
one set of values on one axis another set of values on the
other axis.

A

Youden Plot

40
Q

uses a multiple QC procedure as decision
criteria to determine if an analytic run is in control

A

Westgard rules

41
Q

Youden Plot also referred as

A

Twin plot, Two-Mean chart or the
Two-way Average chart

42
Q

WESTGARD RULES definiton

A
  • Reduces false rejections and maintains high error detection
  • Provides help in troubleshooting
43
Q

when the values of the
control fall within the confidence limit

A

In control

44
Q

when the values of
the control fall outside the
confidence limit.

A

out of control

45
Q

Violation of this rule is
associated with random error

A

1 3s

46
Q

The numerical difference
between this 2 controlled values
within the same run exceeds 4
SD

A

R 4s

47
Q

Serves as a warning rule that
will alert the med tech for
possible problem`

A

1 2s

48
Q

States that 4 consecutive controlled
values exceeds ± 1 standard deviation
and on the same side of the mean

A

4 1s

49
Q

controlled value is greater than - 2
SD; other value exceeds + 2 SD

A

R 4s

50
Q

States that 1 controlled value
exist ± 2 standard deviation from
the mean

A

1 2s

51
Q

1 controlled value exceeds ± 3
standard deviation from the mean.

A

1 3s

52
Q

Violation of this rule is
associated with systematic
error

A

10 X

53
Q

2 consecutive controlled values
exceed the same limit, either +2SD
or -2SD

A

2 2s

54
Q

formed by controlled
values that is either increase or
decrease for at least 6 consecutive
days

A

trend

55
Q

Formed by controlled values that
distribute themselves on one side of
the mean for at least 6 consecutive
days

A

shift

56
Q

This indicates a gradual loss of
reliability in the test system

A

trend

57
Q

Represents sudden or abrupt
change in the test system
performance

A

shift

58
Q

Set of numbers indicating range and values
one would expect in a defined population with
no apparent clinical problems

A

reference value

59
Q

defined as medical
testing at or near the site of patient care.

A

point of care testing

60
Q

POCT includes:

A

blood glucose testing,
blood gas and electrolytes analysis,
rapid coagulation testing,
rapid cardiac markers diagnostics,
drugs of abuse screening,
urine strips testing, etc

61
Q

It is important to establish a structure for POCT that defines
authority, responsibility, and accountability

A

Oversight structure

62
Q

This increases the likelihood that the patient,
physician, and care team will receive the results
quicker, which allows for immediate clinical
management decisions to be made.

A

point of care testing

63
Q

purpose of structure for POCT

A

To facilitate timely and accurate performance.
To facilitate compliance with regulatory agencies.
To facilitate a process of standardization.
To coordinate and facilitate communication between the
laboratory.
To facilitate the education of POCT personnel.

64
Q

a laboratory scientist or pathologist with a PhD, MD, or DO degree
usually fills this position

A

director

65
Q

for each
units/floor/clinic that performs POCT, it is important to have a designated contact
person or trainer. This person greatly facilitates the efficient POCT program and
is a communication link between the POCC and the testing staff

A

designated contacts

66
Q

responsible for
implementing and coordinating point- of care patient testing and facilitating
compliance with procedures and policies and regulatory requirements

A

Point-of-care coordinator

67
Q

Validation

A

Accuracy

68
Q

– Sensitivity and specificity
– Reportable range/linearity
– Reference range
– Split-sample correlation vs reference method

A

precision

69
Q

the consistent use of the same instrument/reagent/test
method for any particular analyte throughout the
designated health care system

A

Standardization

70
Q

Standardization produces the following benefits:

A

Improved patient care
Decrease cost
Saves work in time
Facilitates regulatory compliance

71
Q

The following materials should be collected before beginning the
implementation process:

A

 Instrument manual
 Package inserts for reagent
 Package inserts for quality controls
 Materials safety data sheet
 Sample procedure from vendor
 Sample training materials from vendor
 Other institutions procedure for test
 Applicable regulatory or certifying standard

72
Q

Procedure/Policy

A

 ▪ Principle
 ▪ Testing personnel
 ▪ Specimen
 ▪ Reagents
 ▪ Reagents, supplies, and equipment
 ▪ Maintenance
 ▪ Power
 ▪ Calibration
 ▪ Quality control

73
Q

Training Checklist

A

 ▪ Read procedure
 ▪ Maintenance
 ▪ Reagents
 ▪ QC
 ▪ Specimen requirements
 ▪ Direct observation
 ▪ Reporting results
 ▪ Safety
 ▪ Operator information (name, operator ID no., floor)
 ▪ Trainer signature
 ▪ May supplement with quiz

74
Q

most frequently
electrolytes and/or blood gases

A

Point-of-care chemistries and blood gases

75
Q

connectivity has been the most significant
recent development in POCT.

A

Point-of-care connectivity

76
Q

is the highest volume POC test in most
healthcare institutions

A

Point-of-care glucose

77
Q

the most common POC coagulation test is
activated clotting time (ACT)

A

Point-of-care coagulation

78
Q

at the present time, only minimal
hematology POCT has been available. The spun hematocrit was the
most common POC hematology test

A

Point-of-care hematology

79
Q
A

CC LEC MIDTERM (3 decks)

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