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principals of biology > PoB test 2 > Flashcards

PoB test 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What would happen to a cell if the ribosomes were nonfunctional?

A

the cell would stop producing, which are essential for life.

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2
Q

which type of cell (prokayotic or eukaryotic) exists unicellularly?

A

trick question- both types can exist as a single cell, but prokaryotes are more often found this way.

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3
Q

which domain(s) are prokayotic?

A

Archaea and Bacteria

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4
Q

which structure of a prokaryotic cell has DNA that is not found in the nucleoid?

A

plasmids

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5
Q

which type of cell (prokaryotic or eukaryotic) has a cell membrane?

A

trick question- both types have a cell membrane

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6
Q

which type of euaryotic cell has a central vacuole?

A

plant cells have a large central vacuole

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7
Q

Which of these is not an organelle?

a. nucleus
b. mitochondria
c. lysosome
d. Ribosome

A

D. Ribosomes are not considered organelles because they do not have a membrane surrounding them. Prokaryotes have ribosomes.

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8
Q

a plasma membrane is made up of what structures?

A

A plasma membrane is made up of phospholipids, protiens, and carbohydrates

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9
Q

diffusion is which type of transport?

A

Diffusion is passive transport.

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10
Q

A pump is considered which type of transport?

A

A pump is active transport.

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11
Q

structures unique to prokaryotes

A
  1. Capsule
  2. plasmids
  3. Pilus
  4. Nucleoid
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12
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Membrane bound organelles

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13
Q

two main types of eukaryotic cells

A

Animal and plant

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14
Q

Animal Cell Structure (pink)

A

lysosome

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15
Q

plant cell structures (green)

A
  1. chloroplast
  2. cell wall
  3. central vacuole
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16
Q

membranes

A

regulates the passage of material into and out of the cell

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17
Q

structure of plasma membrane

A

phospholipid bilayer

fluid mosaic

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18
Q

protiens

A

are embedded in the membrane to aid in communication, facilitate enzymatic reations, or help anchor cell components.

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19
Q

Phospolipid

A

has a hydrophylic head (water loving) and a hydrophobic tail (water fearing)

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20
Q

Passive Transport

A
  1. does not require energy
  2. diffusion
  3. osmosis
  4. facilitated diffusion
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21
Q

Active Transport

A 
does require energy
low concentration to high concentration 
endocytosis 
exocytosis 
sodium potassium pump
22
Q

Both active and passive transport

A

use protiens

23
Q

Which type of cells do humans have?

A

Eukaryotic

24
Q

Which type of cell contains plasmids?

A

Prokaryotic

25
Q

What is the area of a prokaryotic cell that contains the DNA?

A

Nucleoid

26
Q

What are the two main types of eukaryotic cells?

A

Plant cells and Animal Cells

27
Q

Which of these two types have ribosomes?

A

Both

28
Q

Which type of cells have membrane-bound organelles?

A

Eukaryotic

29
Q

Where is the DNA located within the cell?

A

Nucleus

30
Q

What structure is unique to animal cells?

A

Lysosomes

31
Q

Central Vacuoles are unique to which type of cell?

A

Plant Cells

32
Q

What is the function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Lipid Synthesis

33
Q

What are the components of a phospholipid?

A

Phosphate head and

2 fatty acid tails

34
Q

What type of molecules are embedded in the membrane to aid in transport?

A

Proteins

35
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

Regulate the passage of material into and out of the cell

36
Q

What three things determine what can pass through the membrane?

A

Charge, size, and concentration gradient

37
Q

What type of molecule acts as a receptor and is anchored to a protein in a membrane?

A

Carbohydrate

38
Q

What are the two processes of protein synthesis?

A

Transcription and Translation

39
Q

From which molecule does transcription begin?

A

DNA

40
Q

Where specifically does transcription take place?

A

Nucleus of the cell

41
Q

What is the end result of translation?

A

Protein

42
Q

Which organelle is the site of protein synthesis?

A

Ribosome

43
Q

What are the two main types of cellular transportation?

A

Active transport and Passive Transport

44
Q

Which type of transport requires energy?

A

Active Transport

45
Q

What is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without a protein channel called?

A

Diffusion

46
Q

What is the active transport of material into a cell with the help of a vesicle called?

A

Endocytosis

47
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The diffusion of water from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration across a membrane

48
Q

In which organelle does photosynthesis occur?

A

Chloroplast

49
Q

What are the individual disks that house chlorophyll inside a chloroplast called?

A

Thylakoid

50
Q

What are the two main processes of photosynthesis?

A

Light-dependent reactions and light-independent reactions

51
Q

What role does water play in photosynthesis?

A

Water replaces the electrons lost during the light dependent reaction

52
Q

What molecules does the light independent reaction begin with?

A

ATP and NADPH from the light dependent reaction

principals of biology (3 decks)

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