Po Review1 Flashcards
Smooth bore tip sizes
1"-210 gpm 1 1/8-264 gpm 1 1/4-325 gpm 7/8-150 gpm At 50 psi at the tip
Master stream tip sizes
1 3/8-500 gpm
1 1/2-600 gpm
1 3/4-800 gpm
2” -1,000 gpm
At 80 psi at the tip for masterstreams
1 1/2 line per 100’ friction loss
60 gpm -9psi per 100’
95 gpm -22psi per 100’
125 gpm -36psi per 100’
2 1/2 line friction loss per 100’
Drop the last digit from the gpm and subtract 10
Less the 350 gpm
250= 15 per 100’
For flows over 350 gpm drop the last digit OLNY!!!
450=35 per 100’
5”” friction loss
Fl=CQ2
1,000gpm
1,000 divided by 100 =10
10x10=100
.08x100=8psi friction loss per 100’
Gpm less then 1,000 use half Q
Gpm greater the 1,000 use Q
Friction loss coefficients
1 1/2”=24
2 1/2”=2
5”=.08
FL=CQ2
Nozzle pressures
Combination=100psi Smoothbore =50psi MasterStream=80psi Low pressure=75psi Foam pro=100psi Sprinkler nozzle= Piercing nozzle=100psi
Friction loss
Friction loss is
CQ2xL
Coefficient x Q squared x length
Coefficient Q= gpm divided by 100
24-1 1/2”. X 100’ ft sections
2-2 1/2”
.08-5”
Stand pipes
Starting pressure 150psi
*imperial 100psi
Add 25psi for stand pipe piping
Relay pumping
Start sending water at 60 psi
Keep 20psi residual pressure at all times unless notify the ic
Operations must be shut down from the fire to the hydrant.
Pressure to volume
Pressure =series
Green lightVolume= parallel yellow light
Pressure- 1/2 pump capacity 750gpm or high pressure above 200 psi(top floors of a high raise)
Volume-above 1/2 pump capacity 750+ gpm or low psi below 750 gpm (relay or BIG WATER)
Engine speed must be at idle or below 50 psi
Tank to pump piping size?
3”
Tank to fill piping size?
1”
Pump ratings for testing?
1,500 gpm at 100% 150 psi
1,050 gpm at 70% 200 psi
750 gpm at 50% 250 psi
Drafting
Atmospheric pressure is 14.7 psi 1 psi will lift water 2.31 ft The more vacuum the more lift 4.7psi will lift water 10' 10' is max lift
Pump priming
500-1,250 gpm pumps less the 30 seconds
1,250 to 2,500 gpm pumps take 45 seconds
Add up to 15 seconds for front or rear hook ups
Make sure atmospheric cap and antisyphon hole is free from debris. .04 cm use a paper clip
Impeller speed is —– faster then drive shaft speed?
2x faster
Per NFPA 1901
Relief valve
When pump is at capacity and all lines are shut off the internal relief valve or pressure governor should not increase more then ——psi and must happen which in — to — seconds
30 psi per NFPA 1901
3 th 10 seconds
How does the internal relief valve work?
Recirculates pump gallons inside the pump to maintain the set pump pressure
Pressure govener works by?
Regulating the RPMs to main rain the set pump pressure
The RPMS must be over 200 above idle
Pressure relief valves must be —- psi above intake pressure in order to work
50 psi above intake pressure
External relief valve works by——-
Releases excess pressure to the ground or else it will increase discharge pressure.
Set at 125 psi
Or should be 10 psi higher then the highest hydrant pressure in the city
Why is a BTU
British thermal unit
Amount of heat it takes to raise 1 lb of water 1 degree Fahrenheit
Friction loss
Doubling the flow of water will increase friction loss—– times
4 times
100 gpm= 4 lbs fl
200 gpm= 16 lbs fl
ICS method for fire flow is——
Length x with divided by 3
Then times by the number of floors involved
Variable flow nozzles mean—–
Change in gpm when stream pattern changes (straight to fog stream)
Constant flow nozzles—-
Same gpm straight or fog
Variable Gallonage nozzles
Adjust gpm by a gallonage ring on the nozzle
Automatic variable gallonage nozzles
Automatically reacts to the volume of water supplied
This is what we use
Engine pressure formula
EP=NP+EL(+ or -)AP+FL
Nozzle pressure
Elevation (+ or -)
Appliance
Friction loss
Friction loss formula
Fl=CQ2xL
FL= friction loss in psi
C= coefficient (1 1/2=242 1/2=2 5”=.08)
Q=gpm divided by 100 i.e. 300 gpm Q=3
L= length of hose in 100’ sections
R. O. T. (Rule of thumb) 60 gpm- 95 gpm- 125 gpm
R. O. T. (Rule of thumb) 60 gpm-9psi fl 95 gpm-22psi fl 125 gpm-36psi for
What is STATIC PRESSURE?
Pressure of water when it’s not flowing or stopped
i.e. Found on your intake gauge
What is RESIDUAL PRESSURE?
Pressure remaining in the system while flowing water
Flow is measured with a —–?
Pitot gauge
Additional water available from a hydrant percentage method is?
(Static - residual)(100)
----------------------- = %
Static
10% or less = 3 more lines
11-15% or less = 2 more lines
16-25% or less = 1 more line
250 gpm the static is 70 psi the residual is 63
(70-63=7)x(100)=700
—=10%
70
2 1/2 friction loss wyed to 1 1/2
Gpm. Nozzles
60
95
125
150
Friction loss per 100’ 2 1/2 feeding wyed 1 1/2
60-2
95-9
125-15
150-20
2 1/2 feeder lines friction loss for master streams
Gpm
1 3/8-500
1 1/2-600
1 3/4-800
2”-1,000
Friction loss per 100’ supply line to a master stream
1 3/8-500gpm=15fl
1 1/2-600 gpm=20fl
1 3/4-800 gpm=40fl
2”-1,000 gpm=50fl
Relay pumping sop
5” gated intake hose to hydrant
5” gated discharge out let
Pump in volume
Increase rpm until discharge reads 60 psi
Maintaine 60 psi as water starts to flow
Activate relief valve 20 psi higher then discharge pressure(80)
Maintain 20 psi on intake at all times
No lower then 10 on orders of ic
Increase psi in 20 psi increments(increase relief valve each time you increase discharge pressure
Minimum 20 psi residual
Maximum 60 psi residual
Pressure times area =
Force
What is NFPA 1901?
Standard for automotive fire apparatus
Pumper design
Min 750 gpm pumpers w/300gal tanks
What is NFPA 1911
Standard for the inspection maintenance, testing, and retirement of in-service automotive fire apparatus
Ambulances defined
Privately or publicly owners vehicles specially designed or constructed and equipped and intended for the transport of persons who are sick , injured, wounded or incapacitated or helpless including dual purpose police cars and funeral coaches or hearses
Authorized vehicles
If authorized by the chief of an organized fd or private owned motor vehicles of vol. or paid members of a life support agency licensed by the department of consumer and industry services if authorized by the life support agency
During a emergency a vehicle owned and operated by a federally recognized nonprofit charitable organization that is used exclusively for assistance during that emergency.
Department means?
Department of state
Vehicles having gross weight restrictions and chauffeurs licenses
Does not apply to a fire fighter operating an authorized emergency vehicle who has met the driver training standards of the Michigan fire fighters training council
The driver of a authorized emergency vehicle when responding to a emergency but not while returning from a emergency may?
Park or stand irrespective of the provision of this act
Proceed past a red or stop sign but only after slowing down as may be necessary for safe operation
Exceed the prima facie speed limits so long as he does not endanger life or property
Disregard regulations governing directction of movement or turning in specified direction
How many gallons of water are in 100' of 5"= 2 1/2"= 1 1/2"=
5” = 102 gallons
2 1/2= 25 gallons
1 1/2 = 9 gallons
Still alarm
Non structure fire including vehicles trash brush Oder investigations and wires down
Typically handlers by one station
Full alarm
Structure fires involving dwellings garages commercial buildings schools churches apartments and commercial vehicles carrying hazardous or flammable materials.
Incident handlers by two or more stations
Box alarm
Commercial buildings schools churches apartments and commercial vehicles carrying flammable or hazardous materials or other incidents that EXCEED DEPARTMENT RESCOURCES
MABAS
Mutual Aid Box Alarm System
Western Wayne county fire department mutual aid association is registered as MABAS DIVISION 3203
DHFD is box number 82-DHF
Station move up
The next MABAS box alarm department noted in the box card will cover the designed station and handle additional calls. This department will be considered “on deck” for additional box alarm.
Still alarm response
First line engine and rescue shall respond. Response mode shall be at the discretion of the incident commander
Rescue shall be considered clear for EMS runs at the discretion of the incident commander.
Engine response to medical incidents
When stations rescue is unavailable
Mass casualty incidents
Motor vehicle incidents on major through fares or intersections
At the discretion of the duty officer
At the request of the LT. Or senior personal on the rescue after assessing the incident.
Full alarm response
First engine and rescue respond
First line engine and rescue from opposite station respond non emergency.
If opposite rescue is first due both engine and rescue drive emergent unless other wise directed by the IC
If additional apparatus or man power is needed dispatch shall contact the community indicated on the Mutual Aid Recourse Matrix based in the IC request for aid
Box alarm response
Man power call in shall be initiated by chief officers or IC based on needs
Reserve engines shall be put in service and utilized as IC needs (on scene station and staging)
iC shall order dispatch to call in as many off duty personal to maintain a safe fire ground operation and to mitigate the incident
MABAS BOX ALARMS 1-5
1st alarm 3-E, 1-L 1-R
2nd alarm Same as first plus station move up
3rd same as 2nd plus IMT and Salvation Army/Red Cross
4th 3-E 1-L 1-R plus additional apparatus shall respond as determined by the IC. Additional off duty call ins at the discretion of chief officers or the incident commanders
5th same as 4th
Mutual aid request-fire
Engine and rescue from appropriate station
Responding officer determines if mutual aid is actually needed
If determined request is valid call in appropriate number of off duty personal needed
Place additional apparatus in service at the responding station
Notify the chief and D.C.
Dispatch shall notify the DO at the opposite station
Chief and D.C. Will be notified when?
All fires w/ smoke or flames visible upon assessment
Fires where fatalities or serious injuries to fire fighters or civilians
Mutual air fires (given or received)
Any mass causality incident
Any type of disaster in the city
Terrorist threats
Haz-mat incidents
Any unusual or prolonged rescue operation
Any emergency incident where the media becomes involved
At the discretion of any fire department officer
When to call the Fire Marshal
The fire marshal will determine who is to be contacted in his division
On all structure fires
On any suspected arson fire or fire that requires cause and determination to be performed
On any fire where there are fatalities or serious injury to fire fighters or civilians
Terrorist threats
Haz-May incidents
At the discretion of any fire department officer
High pressure gas leaks /outside. No fire
Dispatch call DTE has them respond immediately
Spot rig upwind from leak
1st due apparatus enters the block 150 ft away
All other apparatus stage 1 block from the break site
Request traffic control or road closure from pd
Full PPE w/SCBA
KEEP WIND AT YOUR BACK
ENSURE CO ARE HOOKING UP WATER SUPPLY IN SAFE AREA
REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION AREA INCLUDING FIRE APPARATUS
KEEP BYSTANDERS AND TRAFFIC CLEAR 500’
Noise levels can be loude enough to cause physical effects influencing ability to think and act clearly
Resource personal may be used as safety officer and shall have the authority to cease all operations if becomes unsafe
DTE will control any leaks from high pressure gas mains
Fd will protect DTE,FD, and all exposures w/hose lines
It is possible to disperse pockets of gas by use of fog lines ( if a fog stream is used do not direct stream on broken pipe in pit
Low pressure gas leaks /outside
Safety procedures shall apply Keep bystanders clear of area If valve is accessible turn off At the meter if can be done safely Full PPE and hose lines pulled and manned for protection
Gas leak inside
Evacuate home
Ventilate the structure if can be done safely
Shut off meter if possible
Utilize mini gas monitor to access atmosphere volatility
Do not operate electrical switches
Natural gas is lighter then air check upper floors
Suppress or remove any sources of ignition
Only enter structure if all risks of explosion have been mitigated
Consider water supply incase of explosion
Evacuate endangered occupants inside and in immediate area
Restoration of gas should only be done by DTE personnel
Allow occupants back into building only after levels have been reduced to 0% and DTE concurs
Natural gas fire inside a structure
Be aware gas can still be leaking and moving into different areas so place apparatus accordingly until a determination can be made on the leak area
Attempt to shut off gas at the meter
If gas can’t be shut off safely use a fog stream to control the spread of fire until DTE can shut down
Once shut down if gas is complete proceed with structure fire operations
