PNS/Spinal Region Flashcards
What is the term for the connective tissue sheath that separates individual axons?
Endoneurium.
What is the term for the connective tissue sheath that surrounds bundles of axons?
Perineurium.
What is the term for the connective tissue sheath that encloses the entire nerve trunk?
Epineurium.
From which anterior rami does the cervical plexus arise?
C1-C4.
From which area(s) does the cervical plexus carry sensory information?
From the posterior scalp to the clavicle.
To what area(s) does the cervical plexus carry motor commands?
The anterior neck muscles and the diaphragm.
What is the purpose of the phrenic nerve?
It is the only motor supply and the main sensory nerve for the diaphragm. (You’d be “frantic” if you lost your phrenic n.)
From which anterior rami does the brachial plexus arise?
C5-T1.
From which area(s) does the brachial plexus carry sensory information?
The entire upper limb.
To what area(s) does the brachial plexus carry motor commands?
The entire upper limb.
From which anterior rami does the lumbar plexus arise?
L1-L4.
From which area(s) does the lumbar plexus carry sensory information?
Anterior and medial thigh, as well as the medial leg and medial foot.
To what area(s) does the lumbar plexus carry motor commands?
Anterior and medial thigh, as well as the medial leg and medial foot.
From which area(s) does the sacral plexus carry sensory information?
Posterior thigh, most of leg and foot.
To what area(s) does the sacral plexus carry motor commands?
Posterior thigh, most of leg and foot.
True or false: All of the plexuses carry sympathetic axons in addition to their somatosensory and motor axons.
False. All EXCEPT the sacral do carry sympathetic axons; the sacral carries parasympathetic axons instead.
What are the different types of neuropathy?
Mononeuropathy (involving a single nerve), multiple mononeuropathy (involving several nerves), and polyneuropathy (involving many nerves).
What are the three types of mononeuropathy?
Traumatic myelionopathy, traumatic axonopathy, and severance.
True or false: Multiple mononeuropathy presents as a symmetrical grouping of signs.
False. Multiple mononeuropathy presents random, asymmetric signs.
What are the most common causes of polyneuropathy?
Diabetes, nutritional deficiencies secondary to alcoholism, and autoimmune diseases.
