CSF System--Ventricles Flashcards
What connects the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle?
The interventricular foramina.
What structure lies below the lateral ventricles?
The thalamus
What structure lies above the lateral ventricles?
The corpus callosum.
What structure forms the outside wall of the lateral ventricles?
The caudate nucleus.
What is another name for the cerebral aqueduct?
The Sylvian aqueduct.
What structures lie around the fourth ventricle?
The pons and medulla, anteriorly. Posteriorly, the cerebellum.
Through what structures does the fourth ventricle drain into the subarachnoid space?
Through the two lateral foramina and the midline opening.
What are the lateral foramina also known as?
The Foramina of Luschka.
What is the midline opening also known as?
The Foramen of Magendie.
Where is the largest cistern located?
Lumbar cistern, between L2 and S2. This is where CSF is drawn during a spinal tap.
About how much CSF do adults produce on a daily basis?
One pint.
What is communicating hydrocephalus?
Buildup of CSF due to failure of CSF to reabsorb into venous blood supply.
What is noncommunicating hydrocephalus?
Buildup of CSF due to failure of CSF to circulate into subarachnoid space.
What is papilledema?
Swelling of optic disc due to intracranial pressure rising over intraocular pressure. The venous blood flow out of the eye is reversed due to the pressure, which can lead to venous engorgement, optic disc elevation, and edemas.
What are some symptoms of hydrocephalus?
Headache, difficulty with vertical gaze, Paranaud’s Syndrome, gait and balance impairments, and incontinence. Sometimes, frontal lobe functions can be involved as well.
What is convergence-retraction?
It is part of Paranaud’s Syndrome in which, on attempt of upward gaze, the eyes pull in and the globes retract.
Where is the tap placed during a lumbar puncture?
Around L3-5.
What is herniation syndrome?
Increased intracranial pressure can lead to portions of the brain being pushed across sutures, down the foramen magnum, across the falx cerebri, etc.
Through what three layers of cells is CSF formed from blood?
Capillary wall, connective tissue, and epithelium.
How is CSF formed?
Through filtration, active transport, and facilitated transport of certain substances.
