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Pharm Exam 1: PNS > PNS Drugs > Flashcards

PNS Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

bethanechol class

A

Muscarinic Receptor Agonist

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2
Q

bethanechol therapeutic use

A

Used in tx of urinary retention
-muscarinic activation in bladder results in emptying

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3
Q

bethanechol side effects

A

-decreased HR
- increased sectretions (sweat, gastric acid and saliva)
-bronchoconstriction
-increased GI motility
-vasodilation -> hypotension
-miosis/ near vision

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4
Q

atropine class

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonist

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5
Q

bethanechol mechanism

A

-Reversibly activates mAChRs

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6
Q

atropine mechanism

A

Reversible inhibits activation of mAChR by ACh

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7
Q

atropine therapeutic use

A

-used in eye exams/ surgery (causes myadrisis)
-used to increase HR
-used to decrease GI motility (mild dysentery and abdominal cramps)
-antidote to muscarinic agonist poising (ex: mushroom poisoning)

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8
Q

atropine side effects

A

-tachycardia (increased HR)
-decreased secretions (sweat, saliva, gastric acid)
-blurred vision/ photophobia; increased intraocular pressure
-urinary retention and constipation
-CNS excitation (hallucinations)

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9
Q

Neostigmine class

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor

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10
Q

Neostigmine therapeutic use

A
  • tx of myasthenia gravis
  • reverse effects of pancurium
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11
Q

Neostigmine mechanism

A
  • increase ACh at NMJ by blocking AChE activity -> increase muscle strength
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12
Q

Neostigmine side effects

A

-excessive mAChR activation
- decreased HR
- increased secretions
- vasodilation (hypotension)
- bronchoconstriction
- increased GI motility
-miosis / near-vision
-excessive ACh in NMJ -> paralysis

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13
Q

Pancurium class

A

Competitive neuromuscular blocker (Non-depolarizing)

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14
Q

Pancurium therapeutic use

A

-muscle relaxation
-used in surgery, mechanical ventilation and endotracheal intubation procedures

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15
Q

Pancurium mechanism

A

-competitively inhibits ACh from binding to nicotinic m receptors -> prevents ACh from stimulating muscle contraction

    • molecule -> can’t cross BBB -> no CNS effects
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16
Q

Succinylcholine class

A

Depolarizing neuromuscular blocker

17
Q

Pancurium side effects

A

-respiratory depression/ arrest
- decreased BP (hypotension)
-decreased HR (bradycardia)

18
Q

Succinylcholine therapeutic use

A
  • muscle relaxation
  • used during short procedures
19
Q

Succinylcholine mechanism

A
  • binds to nicotinic M receptors -> initial activation-> transient muscle contractions -> does not readily release from nAChR -> prevents ACh from binding -> prevents subsequent contractions
20
Q

Succinylcholine side effects

A

-malignant hyperthermia
-symptoms: fever, high HR, muscle rigidity, hyperkalemia

21
Q

Epinephrine class

A

Adrenergic receptor agonist

22
Q

Epinephrine mechanism

A
  • activates alpha 1, beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
23
Q

Epinephrine therapeutic use

A
  • tx for anaphylactic shock
  • alpha 1: vasoconstriction (increase BP)
  • beta 1: increase HR (restore cardiac function in pts after cardiac arrest)
    beta 2: bronchodilaton
24
Q

Epinephrine side effects

A
  • increased BP (hypertension)
    -angina pectoris
    -hyperglycemia in diabetic pts (caused by beta 2 activation in the liver increased glycogen breakdown)
25
Q

Prazosin class

A

Alpha 1 AR antagonist

26
Q

Prazosin therapeutic use

A

-hypertension (vasodilation)
-benign prostatic hyperplasia (helps in urinary retention)

27
Q

Prazosin mechanism

A

-competitive antagonist of alpha 1 AR

28
Q

Prazosin side effects

A

-orthoststic hypotension
-reflex tachycardia
-nasal congestion

29
Q

Propanolol class

A

Beta 1 and 2 AR antagonist

30
Q

Propanolol therapeutic use

A

-hypertension (HTN)
- angina pectoris
- dysthymias
- myocardial infarction

31
Q

Propanolol mechanism

A

-competitively blocks beta 1 and beta 2 receptors
- beta 1 in heart: decrease HR, force of contractility, AV node velocity, and CO
- beta 1 in kidneys: decrease renin -» decrease BP
-beta 2 in lungs: bronchoconstriction
- beta 2 in blood vessels: vasoconstriction
- beta 2 in liver and skeletal muscle: decrease glycogenolysis

32
Q

Propanolol side effects

A
  • heart failure due to decreased HR
  • bronchoconstriction
  • inhibition of glycogenolysis
  • CNS effects; Can cross BBB
33
Q

Metroprol class

A

Beta 1 (cardioselective) adrenergic receptor antagonist

34
Q

Metroprol therapeutic use

A
  • hypertension
  • angina pectoris
  • heart failure
  • myocardial infarction
35
Q

Metroprol mechanism

A
  • beta 1 in heart: decrease HR, force of contraction and AV node conduction velocity
  • beta 2 in kidneys: decreases renin production -» decrease BP
36
Q

Metroprol side effects

A
  • decreased HR (bradycardia)
  • decreased CO
  • AV heart block
  • rebound cardiac excitation (following withdrawal)
37
Q

Clonidine class

A

Centrally acting Alpha 2 agonist

38
Q

Clonidine therapeutic use

A
  • hypertension (main use)
  • analgesic (unrelated use)
39
Q

Clonidine mechanism

A
  • selectively activated alpha 2 receptors in the CNS -» decrease NE neurotransmission -> decrease outflow of impulses along symp. neurons to heart and blood vessels-» decrease HR and CO; vasodilation -> decrease BP

Pharm Exam 1: PNS (2 decks)

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