Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro- 2014 > PNS > Flashcards

PNS Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the PNS, which consists of cranial nerves and spinal nerves?

A

Sensory (afferent) division

Motor (efferent) division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which arteries supply the spinal cord?

A

Posterior spinal artery
Anterior spinal artery (75%)
Radicular arteries (from aorta and branches to the lumbar arteries)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The white columns of the spinal nerves are composed of. . .

A

Posterior, anterior and lateral funiculus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

T/F Grey matter in on the outer most area of the Spinal nerves.

A

False, the white matter is along the outside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the collection of nerve roots at inferior end of vertebral canal?

A

Cauda equine (horse’s tail)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the spinal nerves according to the spinal cord segments

A 
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
1 coccygeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If you have disc impingement, at C6-7 what is the impinging root?

A

root 7- cervical spinal nerves exit from above the respective vertebra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F the remaining spinal nerve pairs emerge from the spinal cord ABOVE the same-numbered vertebra.

A

False- Below not above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What component of the PNS picks up stimuli from inside and outside the body, then initiate impulses in sensory axons?

A

Sensory receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

These components in the PNS are axon terminals of motor neurons that innervate the effectors

A

Motor endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F Nerves are really just bundles of peripheral axons.

A

True- most are mixed, containing both sensory and motor axons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

T/F cranial nerves can be purely sensory or motor in function

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are clusters of peripheral neuronal cell bodies?

A

Ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the three layers of the peripheral nerve?

A

Endoneurium- a thin layer of connective tissue which wraps around each nerve fiber
Epineurium- a loose connective tissue between fibers
Perineurium- is a connective tissue which wraps around bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are networks of successive ventral rami that exchange fibers (crisscross and redistribute)?

A

Nerve Plexuses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Do THORACIC ventral rami form nerve plexuses?

A

NO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the sole motor supply of the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerve C3-C5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

C1-C4 innervates the muscles and skin of the neck and shoulder, called?

A

Cervical plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What arises from C5-T1, serves the upper limb and shoulder girdle?

A

Brachial plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the main nerves of the brachial plexus?

A 
Musculocutaneous
Median
Ulnar
Axillary
Radial
-also the Posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What innervates anterior and medial muscles of thigh through femoral and obturator nerves, lies in the psoas major muscle?

A

Lumbar Plexus L1-L4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F the Femoral nerve also innervates skin on anterior thigh and medial leg.

A

True- including quads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What supplies muscles and skin of posterior thigh and almost all of the leg?

A

Sacral Plexus- L4-S4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The main branch of the Sacral Plexus is the large sciatic nerve which consists of . . .

A

tibial nerve- to most of the hamstring, calf and sole

common fibular nerve- to muscles of anterior and lateral leg and skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

If you have a patient with “foot drop” what nerves are involved?

A

Common fibular/peroneal nerve- (branch of sciatic nerve)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter in the NMJ?

A

Acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is another term for “involuntary twitches?”

A

fasiculations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what are the 5 types of sensory receptors?

A 
mechanoreceptors
thermoreceptors
nocioceptors
electromagnetic receptors
chemoreceptors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which sensory receptors sense Pain, damage to tissue?

A

Nocioceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Which receptors detect light on the retina?

A

Electromagnetic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Which receptors detect taste, smell, oxygentation, osmolarity?

A

Chemoreceptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What receptors are found in the dermis and slowly adapts to change in pressure?

A

Ruffini Endings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Which receptors are found in hairless portion of skin; highly discriminate tactile receptors?

A

Meisner Corpuscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

This is a special receptor for vibration. . .

A

Pacinian Corpuscles

35
Q

What are Neuromuscular spindles and Neurotendonous organs of Golgi?

A

Encapsulated receptors that perceive muscle stretch

36
Q

T/F Free nerve endings sense touch and light pressure.

A

False! they sense pain and temperature

37
Q

Proprioceptors are found in. . .

A

skeletal muscle, joints, tendons and ligaments

38
Q

Sensory fibers that arise from Cell Bodies in dorsal root ganglia are. . .

A

Dorsal roots

39
Q

Motor fibers arising from anterior gray column of spinal cord are . . .

A

Ventral roots

40
Q

T/F the spinal cord contains central gray mater and peripheral white mater.

A

True

41
Q

What does grey mater made up of?

A

neuronal cell bodies

42
Q

Proprioceptors sense degree of stretch, therefore info. on body movement- they relay this info to . . .

A

cerebrum, cerebellum and spinal reflex arcs

43
Q

Name 3 proprioceptors.

A

Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
joint kinesthetic receptors

44
Q

White mater has 2 pathways of nerve bundles. What are they?

A

Ascending fibers/tracts

Descending fibers/tracts

45
Q

Which pathway of the white mater relays info TO the brain?

A

Ascending fibers/tracts- Sensory

46
Q

Which pathway of the white mater relays info FROM the brain?

A

Descending fibers/tracts- Motor

47
Q

Sensory tracts: If the name of a spinal tract begins with “Spino,” this indicates origin of the spinal cord, and there name will end with the part of the brain where the tract leads. EX: spinothalmic tract travels where?

A

travels from the spinal cord to the thalmus

48
Q

If the name of the tract begins with a part of the brain, then what type of function is it?

A

motor. ex: corticospinal- begins with fibers leaving the cerebral cortex and travels down toward motor neurons in the cord

49
Q

Peripheral nerves enter through spinal roots via ________ roots.

A

dorsal

50
Q

Name 2 basic sensory pathways (ascending).

A

Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus

Anterolateral system

51
Q

What are the 2 components of the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus?

A

Gracile fasciculus

Cuneate fasciculus

52
Q

What are the 2 components of the Anterolateral system?

A

Lateral Spinothalmic tract

Anterior Spinothalmic tract

53
Q

This pathway has large, fast myelinated nerve fibers- A fibers would be an example.

A

Dorsal Column-Medial Leminiscus

54
Q

What are the functions of the Dorsal Column-Medial Leminiscus?

A 
touch, sensation
fine touch
vibration
proprioception
fine pressure
55
Q

T/F the Dorsal Column-Medial Leminiscus has a four neuron pathway.

A

False- 3

56
Q

The Sensory response to the brain stays on the same side of the pathway until it reaches the ________, then runs along the opposite side until it reaches the target area of the brain. Interneurons then release a _______ response.

A

Medulla; motor

57
Q

This sensory pathway originates in the dorsal horns of the spinal GREY mater, crosses to opposite side of cord and ascends to the brainstem and thalamus- it has smaller, slower, myelinated fibers.

A

Anterolateral System

58
Q

What are the functions of the Anterolateral System?

Hint: PALS

A 
(PAIN)
temperature
Crude touch and pressure
tickle/itch
sexual sensations
59
Q

In 3 neuron path of the Afferent (Sensory) Pathway, describe the path the neuron travels.

A
  • Primary neuron originates in periphery and terminates in spinal cord
  • Secondary in spinal cord, cross to contralateral side and ascend to terminate in thalamus
  • Third order neurons project to specific cortex in brain
60
Q

What are the ascending Spinal Cord Tracts? (between the spinal cord and the brain)

A

Lateral Spinothalamic- pain and temp
Ventral Spinothalamic- crude touch
Fasciculous Gracilus and Cuneatus- fine touch, proprioception, and joint sense
Spinocerebellar tracts- unconscious anesthesia
Lateral and Ventral corticospinal- voluntary movements

61
Q

If a pathway is named “Reticulospinal”, we know from the name that it is . . .

A

motor

62
Q

If the name of the pathway is “Spinothalmic” we know by its name it is. . .

A

Sensory

63
Q

Upper motor neurons are of _______ _________ neuron. They are unable to leave the CNS. They are multi-synaptic, they synapse with the neurons called _______ _________ neurons which carry messages to the muscles of the rest of the body.

A

first order; lower motor

64
Q

What is an example of a condition where children have neuromuscular problems due to upper motor neuron lesions?

A

Cerebral Palsy

65
Q

Lower Motor Neurons or _______ _______ neurons are cranial and spinal nerves, located in the ______ _______, but their axons CAN leave the CNS and synapse with the muscles of the body

A

second order; brain stem

66
Q

T/F All Cranial nerves have Lower motor neuron components.

A

False, Some of the cranial nerves contain only sensory fibers and therefore cannot be classified as lower motor neurons

67
Q

Do Cranial nerves I, II and VIII have motor components?

A

Nope

68
Q

All corticospinal tracts synapse in anterior horn cells before leaving cord. Lesions above this are ________ ________ neurons, and below are _________ __________ neurons.

A

upper motor; lower motor

69
Q

What are the defect characteristics of Upper motor neurons?

A

Spastic paralysis, NO muscle atrophy
Fasiculation NOT present
hyperreflexia
Babinski present

70
Q

What are the defect characteristics of Lower motor neurons?

A

Flaccid paralysis, atrophy
Fasiculation PRESENT
Hyporeflexia
Babinski NOT present

71
Q

What serves as an “indirect” route by which sensory information reaches the cerebral cortex?

A

The Reticular Activation System

72
Q

General Anesthetics produce ___________ and ___________ by depressing the RAS

A

sedation and hypnosis

73
Q

The integrity of cuneatus and gracilis tracts are assessed by. . .

A

somatosensory evoked potentials

74
Q

The sciatic nerve branches into what 2 nerves?

A

the common peroneal nerve and the tibial nerve

75
Q

The criticl recording electrode is placed __________to record tibial nerve evoked potentials and __________for ulnar and median nerve evoked potentials

A

midline; laterally

76
Q

For sensory evoked potentials, the ____________electrodes are placed peripherally and the ____________ electrodes are placed centrally

A

stimulating; detecting

77
Q

T/F somatosensory monitoring is used to detect dorsal spinal cord and/or brain ischemia

A

true

78
Q

An _______ in latency or a _________ in amplitude of the SSEPs suggests that damage is occurring in the neural pathway that is being monitored

A

increase; decrease

79
Q

T/F high or low temperatures can effect SSEP.

A

True- both extremes will alter the SSEP

80
Q

Place in order the 3 types of evoked potentials by most sensitive to least.

A

VEP- V-ery sensitive
SSEP- S-omewhat sensitive
BAEP- B-arely sensitive

81
Q

Which nerve fibers sense sharp, fast pain; are myelinated and large in diameter?

A

A-Delta fibers

82
Q

Which nerve fibers sense slow, achy, dull pain, are unmyelinated and small in diameter?

A

C-fibers

83
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter released from A-delta fibers?

A

Glutamate; post-synaptic

84
Q

What is the main neurotransmitter released from C-fibers?

A

Substance P- post-synaptic

Neuro- 2014 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions