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Hand Rehabilitation > PNI > Flashcards

PNI Flashcards

1
Q

Neuropraxia

A

Mild
Motor sensory loses
No sign of wallerian degeneration
Axonal integrity is preserved
Food prognosis

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2
Q

Axonotmesis

A

Impaired atonal integrity
Axon and myelin destruction
Nerve sheath integrity is preserved
Wallerian degeneration present
Surrounding tissues partially or completely intact

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3
Q

Neurotmesis

A

Affect axon, myelin sheath and connective tissue
Complete nerve rupture
Formation of scar tissue
Impossible axonal regeneration
Only surgery can help

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4
Q

Wallerian degeneration

A

Damage to peripheral nerve axon due to trauma, severe pressure etc
Distal to where axon is interrupted
Phagocytosed by macrophages
Proximal part of axon and peripheral nerve cell body remain intact

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5
Q

Axonal degeneration

A

Damage to axon, cell body or peripheral nerve
Due to metabolic and toxics
Can regain if the cause is removed without destroying axonal integrity

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6
Q

Degmental demyelination

A

Damage to surrounding schwann cell and or myelin sheath without any damage to peripheral nerve axon

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7
Q

Segmental demyelination can be caused by

A

Hereditary neuropathies
Acquired neuropathies

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8
Q

Hereditary neuropathies

A

Demyelination along entire nerve

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9
Q

Acquired neuropathies

A

Specific nerve segment is affected
Guillain barre
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy

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10
Q

Nerve regeneration

A

Collateral sprouting of axons and axonal regeneration

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11
Q

Sign of regeneration

A

Voluntary muscle contractions
Autonomic nervous system
Tunnel sign
Electrical stimulation but not conclusive

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12
Q

Causes of radial nerve injury

A

Saturday night palsy
Crutch paralysis
Triceps injections

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13
Q

Symptoms of RNI

A

Extension paralysis
Supination paralysis
Wrist drop
Triceps areflexia
Brachioradialis jerk

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14
Q

Muscles in RNI

A

Triceps
Brachioradialis
Wrist extensors
Ed
Epl

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15
Q

Ulnar nerve injury causes

A

C7-T1
Entrapment at cubital tunnel
Anaesthesia

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16
Q

Sign and symptoms of UNI

A

Wrist radial deviation
Claw hand
Paraesthesia
Sensory loss

17
Q

Muscles in UNi

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris
Abductor disgiti minimi
Interrosei
Abductor pollicis

18
Q

Egawas test

A

Test for interossei, abductors of middle finger

19
Q

Card test

A

Test for interrosei adductors of fingers

20
Q

Froment sign and book test

A

Test for adductor pollicis

21
Q

Causes of Medial nerve injury

A

Sleep paralysis
Shoulder dislocation
Crutch compression
Supracondylar fracture of humerus

22
Q

Signs and symptoms of MNI

A

Atrophy of thenar
Simian or ape hand
Benediction hand
Pointing index

23
Q

Muscles of MNI

A

Fdl
Fds and lateral half of fdp
For
Abd pb and opponens pollisis(thenar muscles)

24
Q

Pen test used for

A

Abd pb

25
Q

Examination of denervated muscle contractions

A

Nerve conduction velocity
Galvanic test
Faradic test
Strength duration curve
Galvanic tetanic ratio
Accommodation ration

26
Q

Sympathetic activation assessment

A

Vasomotor changes
Sudomotor changes
Plyomotor changes
Trophic changes

27
Q

Electrical stimulation functions

A

Prevents atrophy
Accelerate regeneration
Muscles re-education in post op

28
Q

Therapeutic US

A

Provides arterial dilation
New artery formation
⬆️ nerve fiber density
Activation of schwann cells
Remove chemicals and chemotoxins mediators

29
Q

Orthotics

A

Protects denervated muscles from overtension
Prevents joint contracture
Prevents compensatory pattern
Positioning

30
Q

Early phase of sensory education

A

Moving touch
Continuous touch
Pressure
Touch localization
Desensitization training

31
Q

Late phase of sensory education

A

Facilitate the tactile sense
Compensation training

32
Q

Ways to support regenerations

A

Electrotherapy
DLA training
Proximal segment stabilization
Body awareness
Stabilization

Hand Rehabilitation (9 decks)

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