PNH Week 1- Osteoperosis Flashcards
What is Osteoarthritis (OA)?
A slowly progressive non-inflammatory disorder of synovial joints characterized by cartilage deterioration and formation of osteophytes (bone spurs). Gradual loss of articular cartilage, joint pain, stiffness, no systemic manifestations.
What are the risk factors for Osteoarthritis?
Aging, obesity, estrogen reduction, joint injuries, genetic predisposition, repetitive joint stress.
What are the clinical manifestations of Osteoarthritis?
Joint pain, stiffness after rest, crepitus, Heberden’s nodes (DIP), Bouchard’s nodes (PIP), limited range of motion.
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?
A chronic autoimmune disorder causing systemic inflammation affecting synovial joints. Joint swelling, pain, deformities (swan-neck, boutonnière), fatigue, weight loss, extra-articular symptoms (nodules, Sjögren’s syndrome, Felty’s syndrome).
How is Rheumatoid Arthritis diagnosed?
Rheumatoid factor (RF) positive in 70-90%, elevated ESR and CRP, anti-CCP antibodies, X-ray showing joint erosion.
What is Osteoporosis?
A metabolic bone disease characterized by low bone mass and increased fragility. Common in postmenopausal women, related to calcium/Vitamin D deficiency, leads to fractures.
What is the diagnostic test for Osteoporosis?
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), T-score: Normal (-1 and above), Osteopenia (-1 to -2.5), Osteoporosis (< -2.5).
What is a fracture?
A break in bone continuity due to trauma or disease. Types: Closed, Open, Greenstick, Comminuted, Spiral, Pathologic, Stress fractures.
What are the clinical manifestations of fractures?
Immediate pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, loss of function, muscle spasms, crepitus.
What are the stages of bone healing?
Hematoma formation (72 hours), Granulation tissue (3-14 days), Callus formation (2 weeks), Ossification (3 weeks-6 months), Consolidation (up to a year), Remodeling (up to a year).
What are the complications of fractures?
Fat embolism, compartment syndrome, infection (osteomyelitis), malunion, delayed healing.
What is compartment syndrome?
increase in pressure inside a muscle, which restricts blood flow and causes pain leading to nerve and muscle damage. Pain unrelieved by analgesics, paresthesia, pallor, pulselessness (late sign), requires fasciotomy.
What are the nursing interventions for OA & RA?
Pain management (NSAIDs, DMARDs, corticosteroids for RA), exercise, joint protection, heat/cold therapy, assistive devices.
What is the nursing care for Osteoporosis?
Calcium and Vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercises, bisphosphonates, fall prevention, lifestyle modifications.
What is the nursing care for fractures?
Immobilization, neurovascular assessment, pain management, infection prevention, physical therapy.
What is Osteoarthritis (OA)?
degenerative joint disease that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the joints. It’s the most common type of arthritis and is more common in older people.
Gradual loss of articular cartilage, joint pain, stiffness, no systemic manifestations.
What are the risk factors for Osteoarthritis?
Aging, obesity, estrogen reduction, joint injuries, genetic predisposition, repetitive joint stress.
What are the clinical manifestations of Osteoarthritis?
Joint pain, stiffness after rest, crepitus, Heberden’s nodes (DIP), Bouchard’s nodes (PIP), limited range of motion.
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)?
a long-term autoimmune disease that causes joint inflammation and pain.
Joint swelling, pain, deformities (swan-neck, boutonnière), fatigue, weight loss, extra-articular symptoms (nodules, Sjögren’s syndrome, Felty’s syndrome).
How is Rheumatoid Arthritis diagnosed?
Rheumatoid factor (RF) positive in 70-90%, elevated ESR and CRP, anti-CCP antibodies, X-ray showing joint erosion.
What is Osteoporosis?
a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density and bone mass decreases, or when the structure and strength of bone changes.
Common in postmenopausal women, related to calcium/Vitamin D deficiency, leads to fractures.
What is the diagnostic test for Osteoporosis?
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), T-score: Normal (-1 and above), Osteopenia (-1 to -2.5), Osteoporosis (< -2.5).
What is a fracture?
A break in bone continuity due to trauma or disease. Types: Closed, Open, Greenstick, Comminuted, Spiral, Pathologic, Stress fractures.
What are the clinical manifestations of fractures?
Immediate pain, swelling, bruising, deformity, loss of function, muscle spasms, crepitus.
What are the stages of bone healing?
Hematoma formation (72 hours), Granulation tissue (3-14 days), Callus formation (2 weeks), Ossification (3 weeks-6 months), Consolidation (up to a year), Remodeling (up to a year).
What are the complications of fractures?
Fat embolism, compartment syndrome, infection (osteomyelitis), malunion, delayed healing.
What is compartment syndrome?
Increased pressure within a muscle compartment leading to nerve and muscle damage. Pain unrelieved by analgesics, paresthesia, pallor, pulselessness (late sign), requires fasciotomy.
What are the nursing interventions for OA & RA?
Pain management (NSAIDs, DMARDs, corticosteroids for RA), exercise, joint protection, heat/cold therapy, assistive devices.
What is the nursing care for Osteoporosis?
Calcium and Vitamin D intake, weight-bearing exercises, bisphosphonates, fall prevention, lifestyle modifications.
What is the nursing care for fractures?
Immobilization, neurovascular assessment, pain management, infection prevention, physical therapy.
What is Fat Embolism Syndrome (FES)?
A rare but life-threatening complication of fractures, particularly long bones. Symptoms include hypoxia, neurologic decline, petechial rash, and respiratory distress.
What is gout?
A type of arthritis caused by uric acid crystal deposition in joints, leading to inflammation, pain, redness, and swelling, commonly affecting the big toe.
What are the types of joint replacements?
Total hip arthroplasty (THA), total knee arthroplasty (TKA), shoulder replacement—indicated for severe arthritis or joint damage.
What are non-pharmacological pain management techniques?
Heat/cold therapy, physical therapy, massage, acupuncture, exercise, weight management, cognitive behavioral therapy.
What is Ankylosing Spondylitis?
A chronic inflammatory disease affecting the spine and sacroiliac joints, leading to fusion and reduced mobility.
