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PNF > PNF Book > Flashcards

PNF Book Flashcards

To improve understanding of information contained in PNF Book

1
Q

Order of Chapters:

A 
History and Definition of PNF
The Basic Principles and Philosophy
Learning Sequence Activities
Functional Application of Patterns
PNF - Trunk Patterns
PNF - Hooklying
PNF - On Elbows
PNF - Hands and Knees/Elbows and Knees
PNF - On Knees or Half Kneeling
PNF - Sitting
PNF - Gait Stabilization, Weight Shift, and Stepping
PNF - Self Care
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2
Q

Hooklying Order

A

Assumption of Position
Stabilization
Movement with Fixed Distal Segments

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3
Q

On Elbows Order

A

Assumption of Position
Assessment of Hyoid and associated muscle mobility and function
Stabilization
Weight Shift

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4
Q

Hands and Knees/Elbows and Knees order

A 
Functional use
Assumption of Position
Stabilization
Weight Shift
Locomotion
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5
Q

On Knees or Half Kneeling Order

A 
Assumption of Position
Stabilization and Balancing
Weight Shift
Locomotion
Half-Kneeling
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6
Q

Sitting Order

A 
Assumption
Stabilization and Balancing
Pelvic Femoral Movement
Movement of Upper Trunk on Lower Trunk
Locomotion - Scooting Poth Directions
Side Sitting
Long Sitting
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7
Q

Gait Stabilization, Weight Shift, and Stepping Order

A 
Wheelchair Activities
Coming to Standing
Stabilization
Weight Shift in Stride Position
High Step and Repeated Stepping
Forward Gait
One - Leg Standing Balance
Backwards Gait
Sideways Gait.
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8
Q

Initially all movements are activated and controlled by

A

Global and Phasic Muscles

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9
Q

Head movements begin to activate _________ function

A

Deep cervical muscle

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10
Q

Irradiation from the ______ muscles stimulates the proximal ________ muscles

A

global/phasic, tonic

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11
Q

Activation of the __________ muscles provides stability for more controlled open kinetic activities and subsequent weight bearing activities

A

Tonic

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12
Q

Weight bearing activities place a higher demand on the tonic muscles to provide dynamic _______ and controlled _________

A

Proximal stability

Distal mobility

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13
Q

The _____________ progresses an infant from rolling to walking with efficient CoreFirst strategies when this dynamic synergy of core and phasic muscles progresses without interruption or pathology.

A

Developmental Sequence

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14
Q

The therapist must assess and train efficient function in the following elements of each posture or position in the developmental sequence

A

Assumption of the position
Stabilization within the position
Movement within the position over fixed distal extremity or base of support
Locomotion

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15
Q

Building on the current knowledge of Motor Learning, the therapist must:

A

Create a functional learning environment
Identify the “whole activity, and then identify specific “parts” which can be assessed and treated for mechanical capacity and neuromuscular function.
Utilize efficient parts of the whole to better facilitate proper function of the target segment or part
Reintegrate the restored functioning part to the motor control of the whole.

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16
Q

Progression of treatment

A

Facilitate efficient MNM of interconnected segment.
Utilize the interconnecting segment to facilitate appropriate CoreFirst trunk control
Utilize efficient trunk control and interconnecting segments to facilitate efficient extremity movement and function.
Progression to weight bearing activities to ensure CoreFirst strategies in all ADLs.

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17
Q

To set the scapula the therapist must:

A

Elevate the scapula to a loose packed postion
Rotate, adduct, and tip to a midline position
Be sure the trunk does not rotate

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18
Q

Elongating the segment ______________ emphasizes the rotational component

A

Over the bowl

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19
Q

The three end feels that may be felt in a spring test

A

Springy - Efficient
Hard - Inability to lengthen
Boggy - Inability to fold

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20
Q

The three possible motions of the scapula are:

A

Skid (pure anterior elevation)
Spin (pure rotation)
Roll (combination of the two - the actual pattern)

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21
Q

The _______ are the prime stabilizers for posterior depression

A

Rhomboids

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22
Q

Order of the scapular patterns

A

Anterior elevation
Posterior depression
Posterior elevation
Anterior depression.

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23
Q

Function of the pelvis in mid stance to just before toe off

A

PD with a strong core response

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24
Q

Function of the pelvis in Pre toe off/Heel strike of the opposite leg

A

Passive movement into posterior elevation

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25
Q

Function of the pelvis in Toe Off:

A

Pelvis moves in to A/E

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26
Q

Function of the Pelvis in Heel Strike

A

Pelvis drops into A/D

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27
Q

Hip motions in midstance to toe off:

A

Extension
Abduction
Internal Rotation

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28
Q

Hip Motions in Toe off to Heel Strike:

A

Flexion
Adduction
External Rotation.

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29
Q

Order of Pelvic Patterns

A

Anterior Elevation
Posterior Depression
Posterior Elevation
Anterior Depression

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30
Q

Functional Tests and Techniques

A 
Functional Tests
Rhythmic Initiation
Reversal of Antagonists
Repeated Quick Stretch
Combination of Isotonics
Irradiation
Relaxation Techniques
Timing For Emphasis
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31
Q

Reasons to Perform Functional tests:

A

Enhance the patient’s proprioceptive and kinesthetic awareness
Enhance the patient’s understanding of the purpose of the intervention
Promote more effective compliance when the home program is an extension of the intervention
Provide the therapist with feedback as to the appropriateness/effectiveness of the intervention.
Provide the therapist with insight as to the underlying mechanical, neuromuscular, or motor control aspects of the identified dysfunction.

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32
Q

What is Rhythmic Initiation

A

A technique designed to assist patient who have difficulty initiating and controlling a contraction.

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33
Q

What is the primary dysfunction treated with Rhythmic Initiation?

A

Motor Control

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34
Q

What is Rhythmic Initiation used to evaluate:

A

The patient’s ability to allow passive motion
To actively contract with the right neuromuscular function
To utilize the appropriate motor control to efficiently perform at a consistent speed.
The speed is determined by the needs of the patient.

35
Q

Rhythmic Initiation is used to treat motor control dysfunctions of

A

Speed
Direction
Quality of motion

36
Q

Sequence of performance of Rhythmic Initiation with commands

A

Passive - Relax let me move you
Active Assistance - Now you help me a little
Resistive - Now help me a little more.

37
Q

Rhythmic Initiation is Unidirectional or Bidirectional?

A

Unidirectional

38
Q

Primary dysfunctions treated with Reversal of Antagonists

A

Neuromuscular and Motor Control

39
Q

Two types of Reversal of Antagonists Techniques

A

Isotonic reversals

Stabilizing or Isometric Reversals

40
Q

Isotonic Reversals are used to:

A

Improve one’s ability to smoothly reverse direction (motor control)
Facilitate contraction of antagonists (neuromuscular)
Prevent or relieve fatigue (neuromuscular)
Improve coordination (motor control)

41
Q

The speed and range of motion through which Isotonic Reversal is performed is dependent upon the:

A

Individual needs and abilities of the patient

42
Q

Manual contacts are gradually changed from one surface to the other to facilitate a smooth change of directions. Be sure that one hand is making contact, it is pushing the other hand off so that at no time does the patient ____________ or _____________

A

Cease the contraction or have conflicting manual input.

43
Q

If there is a strength imbalance between antagonistic muscle groups, increased resistance applied to the _________ group with facilitate a more forceful contraction of its __________

A

Stronger

Antagonists

44
Q

A stretch reflex is used to specifically facilitate the reverse contraction, however the patients concentric contraction must take the segment to __________ so the stretch is applied to existing tension as the manual contact transitions.

A

The fully lengthened range

45
Q

A ___________ or _________ contraction may be used at the transition of reversal of antagonists.

A

Maintained Isotonic

Isometric

46
Q

Stabilizing or Isometric Reversals are used to:

A

Improve patient’s ability to accomplish and maintain a stabilizing contraction while resistance is slowly changed from one contact to another
To improve one’s control of posture and balance
To develop the necessary strength and stretch sensitivity of extensor muscles in their shortened range
To promote relaxation and pain reduction
To increase ROM.

47
Q

Stabilizing or Isometric Reversals may be used in ________ patterns or from ________ for generalized position stabilization.

A

Antagonistic patterns

One point on the body to another.

48
Q

To achieve optimal results from stabilizing or isometric reversals, it is necessary to resist the ________ components of movement

A

Rotary and diagonal.

49
Q

Repeated quick stretch is defined as: Repeated use of the stretch reflex to __________or to __________

A

Initiate a muscular response

Reinforce and strengthen a pre-existing contraction

50
Q

Repeated quick stretch is a valuable tool in reducing _____________ and improving ____________

A

Fatigue

Endurance

51
Q

Repeated quick stretching can be performed in these two positions:

A

From Elongation

Superimposed on an existing contraction

52
Q

Repeated Stretch from Elongation is effective in:

A

Initiating motion
Stimulating muscles not completely under volitional control
Training Coordinated movement and proper timing
Increasing patients awareness of motion
Improving endurance

53
Q

When performing a quick stretch superimposed upon an existing contraction ________ must be emphasized just before the quick stretch.

A

Traction

54
Q

Superimposed Repeated Stretch assists in facilitating:

A 
A more forceful muscular contraction
Redirection of Motion
Improvement of coordinated movement
An increase in active ROM
A reduction of fatigue.
55
Q

Combination of Isotonics is the use of controlled resistance to facilitate the patients ability to execute each type of contraction and efficiently transition between:

A

Isometric
Maintained Isotonic
Concentric
Eccentric contractions

56
Q

Combination of Isotonics is used to:

A

Heighten the patient’s awareness of a specific position or contraction
Used for neuromuscular and motor control
Can be used to improve ROM

57
Q

When new range of motion is gained, you should always complete treatment with:

A

Prolonged holds and COI in and out of the end range

58
Q

When using COI to improve Neuromuscular control or Motor Control - Where should the segment be positioned?

A

Where the poor strategy exists

59
Q

What type of contraction is desired first when improving Neuromuscular and Motor control?

A

Isometric

60
Q

After building an isometric contraction for combination of isotonics you gradually move to a ______ contraction

A

Maintained Isotonic

61
Q

When gaining new ranges of motion in combination of isotonics you first use an _________ contraction followed by a ___________ contraction

A

Eccentric, concentric

62
Q

When using combination of isotonics to promote an efficient end feel you first take the pattern to __________ to test it

A

End Range

63
Q

To treat a hard end feel with combination of isotonics you begin with an ___________ then a _________ then slowly between ____________, _______________, and finally __________ contractions

A 
Isometric
Maintained Isotonic
Eccentric
Maintained Isotonic
Concentric
64
Q

When treating a hard end feel with combination of isotonics you begin in a _____________ position

A

Loose Packed

65
Q

__________ results from a steady increase in local stimulus

A

Temporal Summation

66
Q

__________ results in an increase in strength of the contraction through various points of facilitation.

A

Spatial Summation.

67
Q

Irradiation Definition in PNF:

A

The spreading of a muscular response from one muscle group to another by altering the emphasis of resistance

68
Q

The _______ is the pattern or body segment that does not demonstrate appropriate neuromuscular function. The _____________ is an efficient pattern or body segment that has appropriate initiation, strength, and endurance which can be used and generate irradiation

A

Target Segment

Source Segment

69
Q

When using irradiation to facilitate a tonic spread, the therapist must facilitate a ____________ - Or a state in which both the source and target respond as one unit.

A

Magnetic Click

70
Q

Irradiation may occur:

A

Ipsilateral
Contralateral
Extremities to trunk
Trunk to extremities.

71
Q

Definition of Prolonged Holds

A

The use of maintained resistance to facilitate an overflow or irradiation to another body part

72
Q

Definition of Phasic Shakes

A

Use of irradiation from the phasic to the tonic muscles.

73
Q

Tonic Spread:

A

Initial resistance is low load, primary target is loca/tonic muscles. The resistance builds to an appropriate motor control strategy of efficient local/global initiating strength and control, Therapist must facilitate a magnetic click.

74
Q

Controlled Specific response using irradiation depends upon:

A

The correct positioning of the patient and use of proper manual contact
Body position of the therapist
Appropriate resistance at various points of contact

75
Q

Types of relaxation techniques:

A

Contract relax

Hold Relax

76
Q

Contract relax is used to:

A

Increase ROM and facilitate relaxation

77
Q

When Performing a contract relax the resistance is given at the point of limitation of the pattern to a concentric contraction of either

A

Agonist (direct relaxation)

Antagonist (reciprocal inhibition)

78
Q

When using a contract relax all patterns are resisted with a few degrees of motion with an emphasis on _________

A

Rotation

79
Q

The amount and duration of resistance applied during a contract relax technique varies based on the following:

A

Needs of the patient and underlying pathology

80
Q

A Contract Relax is followed by this

A

Complete and Total relaxation

81
Q

Hold relax is used to

A

Facilitate relaxation and increase ROM when pain is present or when a patient is overpowering with a contract relax.

82
Q

A Hold Relax technique uses a ________ contraction

A

Isometric

83
Q

The technique of timing for emphasis is used to use a __________ or _______________ elements to facilitate the response of __________ or ___________elements

A

Stronger, More responsive

Weaker, less responsive

PNF (2 decks)

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