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PNF > Online Handout Info > Flashcards

Online Handout Info Flashcards

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1
Q

Basic Principles of PNF

A 
Patient’s Position
Therapist’s Body Position
Manual Contact
Elongation, Spring Test, Stretch Stimulus
Resistance
Verbal Command
Use of Visual
Execution of Proper Pattern
Facilitation of Optimal Timing
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2
Q

Motor responses that are affected by manual contact

A

Strength or power

Direction of movement

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3
Q

Effect of manual contact on direction of movement is that it decreased ______ _______ ____ created by multiple contacts, patients response is easier or more precise.

A

conflicting sensory input

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4
Q

Application of appropriate manual contact

A

Lumbrical Grip
Identify specific location for contact
Should follow Three C’s

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5
Q

Muscles used by lumbrical grip

A

Intrinsic muscles

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6
Q

Contact surfaces used by manual contact

A

Palm - especially thenar and hypothenar eminences

Finger pads, not finger tips.

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7
Q

Correct contact is the specific point which facilitates the ________ in the correct direction. General guideline is to choose a surface which faces directly into the ________ desired.

A

appropriate contraction, line of movement

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8
Q

Three C’s of Appropriate touch

A

Confidence
Control
Compassion
Learn to be invited in by the patient to the appropriate depth.

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9
Q

Two types of muscle contractions

A

Isotonic

Isometric

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10
Q

Types of Isotonic Contraction

A

Concentric - Shortening contraction
Eccentric - Lengthening contraction
Maintained Isotonic - No movement but with the intent to move.

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11
Q

Commands for isotonic contractions

A

Concentric: Push, Pull
Eccentric: Let go slowly, or Slowly let go
Maintained Isotonic: Keep it there, or Don’t let me move you.

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12
Q

Resistance of an isometric contraction:

A

Slow and Low

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13
Q

Commands for an Isometric Contraction

A

Hold It

Don’t let me move you. Don’t Push

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14
Q

Most effective use of an isometric contraction is facilitating and training the ______ contractions throughout the body. Used to facilitate a ______ response.

A

Core muscle, fiber specific

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15
Q

Resistance can be affected by:

A 
Patient’s position
Gravity
Existing reflexes
The diagonal pattern
The position of the distal component.
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16
Q

Differences between use of traction and approximation. in the categories of joint pain, type of force, and postures used

A 
Traction
Used with painful joints
Elongation of a segment
Mostly used in NWB postures
Approximation
Carefully used with painful joints
Compression of a segment
Used in mostly WB postures.
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17
Q

The use of traction and approximation ads and additional ___________ to the directional resistance.

A

Force Vector

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18
Q

The therapist must be aware of the ___________ created by both the restaance and traction or approximation to ensure smooth and appropriate resistance.

A

Resultant force

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19
Q

The therapist must be sure to avoid using traction or approximation to ___________ the movement rather than _________ the resistance

A

Assist

Enhance

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20
Q

Traction is the elongation of a segment to __________ of the segment’s core muscles and promotes a _____________

A

Increase muscular response

CoreFirst movement strategy

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21
Q

The direction of traction is always applied ______________ and is ________ in force

A

Away from the apex of motion

consistent

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22
Q

Resistance must be ___________ to balance the force of the traction

A

Graduated

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23
Q

Approximation is the compression of a segment to _________

A

Promote stability

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24
Q

The desired response during approximation can be initiated or reinforced by a reflex producing ________ followed immediately by _____________

A

Quick Approximation

Maintained Approximation Pressure

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25
Q

Care must be used during approximation to avoid _______ and to consider underlying __________

A

Pain

Pathology

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26
Q

Elongation of a muscle increases its responsiveness to cortical stimulation is the definition of ____

A

Stretch Stimulus

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27
Q

A spinal reflex used in conjunction with the techniques and procedures of PNF to facilitate a reflex contraction is the definition of a _____

A

Stretch Reflex

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28
Q

How is the stretch reflex best facilitated?

A

Use of a quick stretch

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29
Q

This should always be applied before applying a stretch stimulus

A

Spring test

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30
Q

The stretch reflex is synchronized by a _____ to stimulate a volitional effort by the patient when possible

A

Verbal command

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31
Q

The stretch reflex is reinforced by the immediate application of ________. This resistance must occur within the first few degrees of movement by the patient or the effects of the stretch reflex will be diminished as the proper _________ will not be facilitated and resisted.

A

Appropriate resistance

Core response

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32
Q

The stretch stimulus can be applied in a midrange by applying it to _______ to generate tension

A

An existing isometric contraction

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33
Q

Contraindication to a quick stretch

A

Hyperactive stretch reflex not under voluntary control

Pain

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34
Q

Normal Timing allows for

A

Dynamic stability with controlled mobility

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35
Q

The normal timing of a response can be altered to emphasize an individual component. This utilization of timing is referred to as _____________ and is often used to make the other techniques _______ ______ and to ensure the appropriate ______ ______

A

Timing for emphasis, more effective, motor recruitment.

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36
Q

Positioning not only refers to the issue of _________, but also the IPA’s unique concept of ________ a segment prior to elongating and finding the pattern

A

Support and mid-range alignment

Setting

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37
Q

The basic philosophy of PNF developed from the premise that __________

A

All human beings, including those with disabilities, have untapped existing potential

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38
Q

The effectiveness of any treatment program is dependent upon both the therapist and patient having well-defined ____ and the intention that those ____ will be achieved

A

goals, goals

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39
Q

Treatment is directed towards ________ and the improvement of the patient’s _________

A

Patient education

Performance of functional activities

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40
Q

The treatment approach is always _________, reinforcing and utilizing that which the patient can do on a _______ and ______ level

A

Positive

physical and emotional

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41
Q

The ability to _____ is an individual characteristic. Therefore, treatment is tailored to the individual with his ability to cooperate and _______ considered.

A

Learn, Learn

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42
Q

When treating a patient the therapist must remember that all problems, neurological and orthopedic affect the system as a _______. Therefore, the approach should be _______, addressing sensory, musculoskeletal, and psychological elements to ensure that each treatment is directed at a total human being not a specific problem.

A

Whole

Integrated

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43
Q

The purpose of treatment is to assist the patient to attain the _______ _____ of ______ possible through the development of the _______ ______ _______ system.

A

highest level of function

Most efficient neuromuscular

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44
Q

The process for _________ which is essential for the selection of appropriate techniques, is a _________ process throughout the entire treatment.

A

Evaluation

Continuing

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45
Q

Appropriate techniques are used to __________ normal spinal and subcortical reflexes in conjunction with voluntary activity to enhance the development of efficient ___________

A

Facilitate

Posture and Movement

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46
Q

To achieve optimal function Complex skills are broken into their _______ ______

A

Individual Components

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47
Q

Abnormal _______, ___________, and __________ are treated by direct or indirect inhibition, the emphasis is on training reciprocal motion

A

Tone, posture, and movement

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48
Q

Tapping a ___________ is the most effective means of increasing awareness, strength, and endurance. __________ of the response is used to promote retention of motor learning

A

Maximal response

Repetition

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49
Q

___________________ is essential to improve and maintain the strength, endurance, and coordination of the neuromuscular system. Therefor an _________ program provides for the greatest improvement.

A

Continued activity

Intense

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50
Q

The patterns of facilitation were developed by Dr. Kabat and Maggie in the ______ stages of the development of PNF

A

Final

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51
Q

It was through he utilization fo all the previous principles that they began to recognize the ________ that existed in all functional activities.

A

normal patterns of movement

52
Q

Normal coordinated activities are accomplished by the extremities and trunk moving in _____ directions with ______ components

A

diagonal, spiral

53
Q

The stretch reflex is most effectively elicited when the segment to be stretched is elongated in a ______ _____

A

Specific Diagonal

54
Q

The muscular response is more coordinated and forceful when resistance is applied within a specific ______ ______

A

Diagonal Pattern

55
Q

The _____ _______ is more coordinated and forceful when resistance is applied within a specific diagonal pattern

A

Muscular Response

56
Q

Each extremity pattern is composed of

A

flexion/extension
abduction/adduction
rotation

57
Q

Each Trunk/Scapula-Pelvis pattern is made up of

A

Flexion/extension/elevation/depression
Lateral/medial movement
Rotation/upward/downward rotation

58
Q

The three components of patterns are ______ blended throughout the _______ ROM

A

equally, complete

59
Q

The patterns are effective tools for evaluating the quality of a _________ __________ and the _______ of ______

A

Muscular contraction, range of motion

60
Q

When dysfunctions are identified in a pattern, specific techniques are applied to ________ _________

A

facilitate improvement

61
Q

The patterns are _______ diagonals and can be identified by placing the group of muscle or segment into an ________ position where all muscles feel equally on ________

A

narrow, elongated, stretch

62
Q

The muscles of a pattern each work together with more ________ and ______ when in the pattern

A

power and efficiency

63
Q

The muscles of a pattern each work together with more power and efficiency when in the _____

A

pattern

64
Q

Working with patients in the pattern is a ________ not the ___________

A

means to the end, end of the means

65
Q

The red zone of the stretch stimulus is the zone of ________

A

Minimal Recoil

66
Q

The purple zone of the stretch stimulus is the _____ zone

A

Spring zone

67
Q

The blue zone of the stretch stimulus is the zone of ________

A

good recoil

68
Q

The green zone of the stretch stimulus is the zone of ______ or _____ recoil

A

Little or no

69
Q

To achieve optimal function the interaction of ______ and _____ is taken into account

A

stability, mobility

70
Q

To achieve optimal function the ability to perform the whole skill is facilitated through the _______ _______.

A

learning sequence

71
Q

Proprioception is defined as the ________ produced within an organism by the movement of its __________

A

stimuli, tissues

72
Q

Proprioception is defines as sensory receptors that are stimulated by some aspect of muscle ________ or ________, joint _______ either stationary or moving

A

muscle length or tension, angle

73
Q

Proprioception is the sense of something that is either ______ or moving

A

stationary

74
Q

Proprioception is the sense of something that is either stationary or _________

A

moving

75
Q

Proprioception can be stimulated by head _______

A

position

76
Q

Proprioception refers to all sensory receptors including ________ or ________

A

exteroreceptors and interoreceptors

77
Q

Types of proprioceptive receptors include muscle spindles, _________, joint connective tissue, skin receptors, eyes, ears, ad the inner ear receptors

A

GTOs

78
Q

Types of proprioceptive receptors include ________, GTOs, joint connective tissue, skin receptors, eyes, ears, ad the inner ear receptors

A

Muscle Spindles

79
Q

Neuromuscular pertains to ______ and ______.

A

nerves and muscles

80
Q

Neuromuscular’s definition applies specifically to the ability for the muscles to ________, have appropriate _________, ________ and ________

A

Initiate, Initiation, strength, endurance

81
Q

Facilitation is the ________ or _______ of any natural process

A

Promotion or hastening

82
Q

Facilitation is specifically the effect produced in _______ tissue by the passage of an impulse which lowers the resistance to _________ so that a second stimuli or subsequent stimuli may more_______ provoke the response

A

nerve, transmission, easily

83
Q

Facilitation is to increase the ______ of performance of any action, resulting from the lessening of nerve ______ by the continued successive application of the necessary ________

A

ease, resistance, stimulus

84
Q

Facilitation is to make ________

A

easier

85
Q

The inhibition of abnormal _______ and _______ are intricate components of faciliation

A

tone and movement patterns

86
Q

_______ is the type of manual contact in which the surface corresponds to the direction of movement

A

indirect facilitation

87
Q

_______ is the type fo manual contact where the skin surface over the actual muscle of which a stronger contraction is desired is contacted

A

direct facilitation

88
Q

The stretch reflex is used to achieve and enhance normal movement by facilitating ________ of motion

A

initiation

89
Q

The stretch reflex can increase the ________ of a muscle contraction

A

strength

90
Q

The stretch reflex increased the ________ by decreasing muscle fatigue and decreasing the effort needed to produce movement

A

endurance

91
Q

The stretch reflex increased the endurance by decreasing muscle ________ and decreasing the _______ needed to produce movement

A

fatigue, effort

92
Q

The stretch reflex can influence the ________ of movement

A

direction

93
Q

To accomplish a quick stretch you ________ a group of muscles in pattern to their ______ or _______ ______ range

A

Elongate, lengthened, slightly taught.

94
Q

Once muscles are lengthened for a quick stretch into their taught range you apply _______ and quickly but gently _________ the muscle further in the direction of the pattern

A

traction, lengthen

95
Q

You should always _______ before applying a stretch stimulus

A

spring test

96
Q

When applying a quick stretch you always want to stay in the _____ zone

A

purple

97
Q

Verbal commands are used to coordinate ________ effort with reflex response

A

volitional

98
Q

Verbal commands are used to define the _______ of muscle contraction desired

A

type

99
Q

Verbal commands are used to define the ________ of motion

A

direction

100
Q

Verbal commands are used to signal the _______ of relaxation of contractions

A

timing

101
Q

Verbal cues are used to facilitate increased _______ and ________

A

arousal, responsiveness

102
Q

Verbal cues are used to stimulate generalized ________

A

relaxation

103
Q

Verbal commands are used to define the type of _______ _______ desired

A

muscle contraction

104
Q

Verbal commands are used to coordinate volitional effort with ______ response

A

reflex

105
Q

Verbal commands are used to _______ increased arousal and responsiveness

A

facilitate

106
Q

Visual stimuli are used to assist in the initial ______ of an activity

A

learning

107
Q

Visual stimuli are used to identify the ________ of motion

A

direction

108
Q

Visual stimuli are used to identify _______ in space

A

position

109
Q

Visual stimuli are used to direct the motion of the ______, ______, and _______ across midline and on the same side

A

head, trunk, extremities

110
Q

Visual stimuli are used to increase

A

ROM

111
Q

Visual stimuli are used to assist in the _______ learning of an activity

A

initial

112
Q

Visual stimuli are used to identify the direction of _______

A

motion

113
Q

visual stimuli are used to identify position in _____

A

space

114
Q

Visual stimuli are used to direct the motion of the head, trunk, and extremities across _____ and on the same ______

A

midline, side

115
Q

Resistance is varied to improve ________ using less effort but more controlled movement

A

coordination

116
Q

Resistance is varied to improve _________ when resistance is varied throughout the range

A

range of motion

117
Q

Resistance is varied to improve ________ when resistance is gradually increased

A

strength

118
Q

Resistance is varied to improve ________ when resistance is gradually increased at the beginning of the range

A

initiation

119
Q

Resistance is varied to improve _________ when resistance is slowly applied

A

stabilization

120
Q

Resistance is varied to improve ________ when light resistance is used with an emphasis on letting go

A

relaxation

121
Q

Resistance is varied by the therapist to facilitate the ________ response of the desired contraction depending on the functional component being treated

A

appropriate

122
Q

Functionally an isometric contraction is one in which the ______ is a stabilizing contraction in which minimal or no joint motion occurs

A

intention

123
Q

This type of contraction is most effective for facilitating and training core muscle contractions throughout the body

A

isometric

124
Q

When applying resistance to promote an isometric contraction, one should give careful consideration to the _________ or ________ which occurs during the course of contraction. An analysis of this overflow can give valuable input about the functional or structural integrity of the patient’s body

A

overflow or irradiation

125
Q

Manual contact improves the direction of movement by enhancing a specific manual contact, it does this by decreasing conflicting sensory input created by ______ _____ or commonly used _____ ______ grips

A

multiple contacts, wrap around

PNF (2 decks)

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