PNF

Question 1

What is D1 flexion/extension for the upper extremity?

Answer 1

left half of the “X”

• lateral rotation/adduction/flexion at shoulder to medial rotation/abduction/ext at shoulder in waiters tip position
• “pulling down the blinds to waiter’s tip”

Question 2

What are agonist reversals?

Answer 2

• slow concentric contraction followed by eccentric contraction of same muscle group
• ex: contract bicep, then fight bringing it back into extention

Question 3

When might agonist reversals be indicated?

Answer 3

weak postural muscles

- inability to eccentrically control body weight during movement transitions like sitting down

Question 4

What is the D2 pattern for the upper extremity?

Answer 4

right half of the “X”

- disco to sword pull

Question 5

What is a hold-relax contraction? What’s it for?

Answer 5

isometric contraction of the antagonistic pattern against slowly increasing resistance
- followed by voluntary relaxation and passive movement into new range

Question 6

How does contract relax differ from hold relax?

Answer 6

contract relax = isotonic
- resisted CONCENTRIC contraction of opposite muscle you’re trying to relax to use reciprocal inhibition

hold relax = isometric

Question 7

T/F: Contract-relax technique uses the principle of autogenic inhibition.

Answer 7

false
- hold relax = autogenic inhibition (using isometric BICEPS contraction to relax biceps and increase biceps length)

• contract relax = reciprocal inhibition (concentric, resisted TRICEPS contraction to relax biceps and increase biceps length)

Question 8

What is the D1 pattern for the lower extremity?

Answer 8

again, left part of “X”

- soccer kick to toe point behind

Question 9

What is the D2 pattern for the lower extremity?

Answer 9

right part of “X”

- squish bug on shoe (lateral rotation with hip ext) to medial rotation with hip flexion

Question 10

What are repeated contractions and what are they used for?

Answer 10

repeated isotonic contractions induced by quick stretch
- resistance provided in range that’s more weak

• used for weakness, incoordiantion, muscle imbalances, lack of endurace

Question 11

When might rhythmic initiation be indicated?

Answer 11

for patients with apraxia, motor learning deficits, communication deficits
- also for those with spasticity, hypertonicity, rigidity (PD)

Question 12

When might rhythmic stabilization be indicated?

Answer 12

instability in weight bearing and holding
poor antigravity control
weakness
ataxia
limited ROM d/t muscle tightness

Question 13

What would an agonist reversal look like to strengthen the hip extensors?

Answer 13

bridge

• concentric up
• resisted eccentric down

Question 14

How is slow reversal different than agonist reversal?

Answer 14

slow reversal: concentric followed by concentric (think practicing D1/2 patterns in UE against therapist resistance)

agonist reversal: concentric followed by eccentric