PNF

Question 1

PNF

Answer 1

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

-utilizes manually resisted patterns (therapist can modify resistance)

Patterns are diagonal instead of straight plane

• functionally based
• synergistic movements

Question 2

Key concepts

Answer 2

hand holds-lumbrical grip

commands- simple and strong

vision- always instruct patient to follow with their head and eyes

techniques- several different techniques to utilize

**can use hands to help gide motion. With one hand will place distally.

Question 3

Diagnosis

Answer 3

D1 and D2

• Each joint has a D1 flexion and a D1 extension
• Each joint has a D2 flexion and a D2 extension

UE

LE

Trunk

Question 4

UE D1 flexion

Answer 4

shoulder- flex, add, ER

forearm-sup

wrist- radial flexion

fingers- flex

Question 5

UE D1 extension

Answer 5

shoulder- ext, abd, IR

forearm- pronation

wrist- Ulnar extension

fingers- ext

Question 6

UE D2 flexion

Answer 6

shoulder- flx, abd, ER

forearm- supination

wrist- Radial extrnsion

fingers- EXT

Question 7

UE D2 extension

Answer 7

shoulder- ext, add, IR

forearm- pronation

wrist-ulnar extension

fingers-flexion

Question 8

LE D1 flexion

Answer 8

hip- flex, add, ER

ankle- DF, Inv

toes- EXT

Question 9

LE D1 extension

Answer 9

hip- ext, abd, IR

foot- PF, eversion

toes- flexion

Question 10

LE D2 flexion

Answer 10

hip- flex, abd, IR

foot-DF, eversion

toes- ext

Question 11

LE D2 extension

Answer 11

hip- ext, add, ER

foot- PF, Inversion

toes- flexion

Question 12

Rhythmic initiation

Answer 12

rhythmic motion of the limb of body through the desired range starting with passive and progressing to active resisted

Goals- aid initiation of motion, teach a motion and improve coordination and sense of motion, slow it down or speed it up

Description- start by passively moving the patient through the motion, progress to active assist of motion, move to active resisted motion

Question 13

Combined isotonics

Answer 13

combined concentric, eccentric, and stabilizing contractions of muscles with out relaxation

Goals- active control of motion, coordination, strengthen and increase active ROM

Description- resist the pts moving through the active desired range-concentric, at the end of the motion tell patient to stay in positive-stabilizing, slow down the part moving back to the starting position-eccentric, and no rest between activities

Question 14

Dynamic reversals

Answer 14

active motion changing from one directionto the opposite without pause or relaxation

Goals- increase strength and active ROM, increase coordination, increase endurance

Description- therapists resists the motion in one direction, as the end of the desired range approaches, reverse the grip to resist in the opposite direction, and continue with no rests between

Question 15

Stabilizing reversals

Answer 15

alternating isotonic contractions opposed by enough resistance to allow small ROM

command-push against me

Goals- increase stability and increase strength and coordination between agonist and antagonist

Description- give resistance while asking patient to oppose force, very little motion should be allowed, and alternate directions and move hands and force as patient opposes

Question 16

Rhythmic stabilization

Answer 16

alternating isometric contractions against resistance, no motion is intended

command- don’t let me push you

Goals- increase active and passive ROM, increase stability, balance, strength, decrease pain

Description- therapist resists an isometric contraction of a muscle group without trying to move pt, resistance is slowly increased, and when patient is responding fully change direction

Question 17

repeated stretch

Answer 17

stretch reflex elicited from muscles under the tension of elongation

Goals- facilitate ignition of motion and increase ROM and strength

Description- elongate the target muscles, give a quick tap to lengthen the muscles further and elicit the stretch reflex, at the same time give a command to contract the stretched muscles with the reflex response, and resisted the reflex and voluntary motion

Question 18

Contract relax

Answer 18

resisted isotonic contraction of the restricting muscles followed by relaxation and movement into the increase range

Goals- increase PROM

Description- therapist or pt moves the joint to the end of passive range, therapist asks for a strong contraction and resists motion (5-8s), pt then asked to relax, body segment is moved into new range, and process repeats

Question 19

Hold relax

Answer 19

resisted isometric contraction of the antagonist muscles followed by relaxation

Goals- increased PROM and decreased pain

Descriptions- therapist or pt moves the segment to the end of PROM or pain free range, therapist asks for an isometric contraction of restricting muscle with emphasis on rotation, resistance is slowly increased, no motion intended, pt then asked to relax and the segment is gradually moved into the new range

Question 20

Replication

Answer 20

facilitates motor learning of functional activities

Goals- teach the pt the outcome or end position of a movement and assess the ts ability to sustain a contraction

Description-
place the patient in the end position of the activity where all the agonist muscles are shortened, patient holds position while PT resists all components, ask the pt to relax, move the pt passively a short distance back in the opposite direction, then ask them to return to the end position, and at the end of progress have pt perform alone