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MS Test 1 : Concepts > PNF > Flashcards

PNF Flashcards

1
Q

What does PNF stand for?

A

proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation

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2
Q

What is purpose of PNF?

A

these motions move in a spiral diagonal pattern of facilitation to provide for an optimal contraction

moving from lengthened to shorten position

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3
Q

Why does this movement pattern make sense?

A

because a single muscle is not solely responsible for one movement so this mimics sport of function

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4
Q

What are other important components of PNF?

A

sensory, motor and psychological

reinforces what patient can do and promotes it

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5
Q

What is additional benefit of PNF diagonal patterns?

A

enhances proper sequencing of muscle contraction distal to proximal

this promotes neuromuscular control and coordination

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6
Q

What are the treatment goals for PNF?

A

mobility, stability, controlled mobility, skill development, coordinated muscle performance (NM control)

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7
Q

Where should body position of PT be during PNF?

A

the pt should be at a diagonal, in line with the direction of the motion

face head or feet of pt

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8
Q

What is important to remember about communication?

A

hand placement, engaging a pts vision and verbal instructions are all important

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9
Q

What is position of hand during manual contact?

A

lumbrical grip

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10
Q

Where should you place hand on pts body?

A

on muscle that needs facilitation

ex: for elbow flexion hand on biceps

always on skin except for pelvis

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11
Q

Why is resistance important during PNF?

A

used to recruit motor units and strengthen the response

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12
Q

What is the optimal resistance?

A

apply just enough to have smooth controlled, pain free movement throughout the ROM, don’t hold breath

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13
Q

What is timing for emphasis?

A

PT changes normal time of sequence to emphasize a place in the range

ex: greater resistance can be placed at end ranges

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14
Q

What else is timing for emphasis good for?

A

maximum resistance can provide overflow or irradiation

goal is to increase response and stimulate action at a specific motion within a pattern

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15
Q

What are two other ways to provide sensory feedback?

A
  1. traction
  2. approximation

both are directed at joint receptors, which assist joint position

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16
Q

What is traction?>

A

seperation of two joint surfaces

assists to promote movement used as a stretch stimulus

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17
Q

What is approximation?

A

compression of joint surfaces, promotes stability and postural reflexes

directed at GTO

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18
Q

When would these two things be contraindicated?

A

if pt is having acute symptoms like pain, edema etc.

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19
Q

What are PNF patterns named after?

A

named according to their finished position of shoulder or hip

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20
Q

Why is the scapula so important?

A

because you need full control and motion but also need to generate force from it

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21
Q

How are scapula PNF exercises initially performed?

A

sidelying, edge of plinth, be sure pt has full ROM prior to initiating strength techniques

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22
Q

What are two types of scap D1 patterns?

A

anterior elevation and posterior depression

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23
Q

Where should PT stand for D1 scap?

A

stand at patients hips facing head

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24
Q

What muscle are involved in anterior elevation of scap?

A

upper trap, SA, levator scap

think of reaching into cabinet

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25
Q

What muscles are involved in posterior depression?

A

rhomboids, lats, lower trap

26
Q

What are two types of D2 scap PNF patterns?

A

anterior depression, posterior elevation

think of a throwing mechanism

27
Q

Where should PT stand for D2 scap?

A

stand at pt head facing feet

28
Q

What muscles are being used for D2 anterior depression?

A

SA, pecs

29
Q

What are muscles are being used for D2 posterior elevation?

A

upper trap, levator scap

30
Q

You need proximal _______ before distal _______?

A

stability, mobility

31
Q

What are two UE PNF patterns?

A

d1, D2

32
Q

What is the appropriate movement pattern for UE motions?

A

rotation should be first to be truly diaganol then flexion/extension then ABD/ADD and RD/UD or INV/EVE

33
Q

What are components of D1 flexion?

A

Shoulder- Flex, Add, ER
Forearm- sup
wrist- radial flex
fingers- flex

34
Q

What are components of d1 extension?

A

Shoulder- Ext, Abd, IR
Forearm- pron
wrist- ulnar ext
finger- ext

35
Q

What are components of d2 flexion?

A

shoulder- flex, abd, ER
Forearm- sup
wrist- radial ext
finger- ext

36
Q

What are components of d2 extension?

A

shoulder- ext, add, IR
forearm- pronation
wrist- ulnar flexion
finger- flex

37
Q

What is a PNF technique used to teach a pattern?

A

rhythmic initiation begin with:

  1. passive, active assisted, resisted
38
Q

What are three PNF techniques to increase mobility?

A
  1. contract relax/ hold relax
  2. hold relax active contraction
  3. agonist contraction
39
Q

What is contract relax?

A

resisted sub max isometric contraction for 3-5 seconds followed by relaxation and movement into increased range (autogenic inhibition)

40
Q

What is autogenic inhibition?

A

sudden relaxation of muscle after period of high tension, self induced

41
Q

What is hold relax active contraction?

A

use hold relax technique for tight muscle, then follow it with a contraction of antagonist muscle

42
Q

What is agonist contraction?

A

use principles of reciprocal inhibition, which is slow controlled contraction of opposite ms being stretched

held 3-5 seconds and done 2-4 times

43
Q

What are PNF techniques used to increase stability?

A
  1. alternating isometrics
  2. rhythmic stabilization
  3. stabilizing reversals
44
Q

What are alternating isometrics?

A

alternating isometric contraction of agonist and antagonist ms

no motion is intended, resistance can be applied in one straight plane but no rotation

45
Q

What is rhythmic stabilization?

A

isometric contraction of agonist and antagonist in all 3 planes to produce a co-contraction

hands placed on opposite joint surfaces simultaneously

46
Q

What are stabilizing reversals?

A

alternating isotonic contraction opposed by enough resistance to prevent motion with only small movement allowed

used to isolate end or mid range

47
Q

What are three PNF techniques to increase muscle strength and movement control?

A
  1. dynamic reversals
  2. timing for emphasis (repeated contractions)
  3. Combination of isotonics
48
Q

What is dynamic reversals?

A

active motion changing from one direction to the opposite without pause or relaxation

49
Q

What is timing for emphasis?

A

repeated use of stretch reflex to initiate a muscular response or to reinforce and strengthen a pre existing contraction

“quick stretch”

50
Q

What is combination of isotonics?

A
  • PT resist pt’s through desired range (concentric)
  • At end range, PT has pt hold (stabilization)
  • After stability, pt slowly moves back to start position (eccentric)
    Keep hands on pt (same position), no relaxation between phases
51
Q

What are scap pivotors?

A

SA, traps

52
Q

What are scap stabilizers?

A

Rhomboids

53
Q

How can you progress scap exercises?

A
  1. start in sidelying
  2. prone on elbows
  3. prone going from B UE to single UE
  4. start WB on wall with shoulders at 90
54
Q

What is LE D1 flexion?

A

hip- flex, Add, ER
Ankle- DF/ INV
toes- ext

55
Q

What is LE D1 extension?

A

hip- ext, ABD, IR
ankle- PF/ INV
Toe- flex

56
Q

What is LE D2 flexion?

A

hip- flex, abd, IR
ankle- DF/ EVE
toe- ext

57
Q

What is LE D2 extension?

A

hip= ext, add, ER
foot- PF/ INV
toes- flex

58
Q

What are D1 pelvic patterns?

A

anterior elevation and posterior depression

key for weight acceptance/ efficient gait
terminal stance/jumping/steps

59
Q

What are D2 pelvic patterns?

A

good for eccentric control like step down

terminal swing phase and loading/kick ball

60
Q

How are pelvic patterns usually performed?

A

initially in sidelying with involved extremity towards ceiling

can also be done in sitting, supine, quadriped and standing

motion from trunk not legs

MS Test 1 : Concepts (6 decks)

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