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MS Test 1 : Concepts > Lecture 4: Stretching for Impaired Mobility > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Stretching for Impaired Mobility Flashcards

1
Q

What are indications for PROM?

A

acute injury/inflamed tissue

patient is unable to perform AROM

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2
Q

What are goals of PROM?

A

prevent complications from immobility, mobility of joint and connective tissue

prevent contractures, maintain elasticity of muscle, promote circulation, cartilage nutrition, decrease pain

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3
Q

What are indications for AROM?

A

pt is able to contract muscles and move segment with or without assistance

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4
Q

What are goals for AROM?

A

maintain elasticity/ contractility of muscle, sensory feedback from contracting muscle (GTO), stimulus for bone, increase circulation, improve coordination motor skill

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5
Q

What are main contraindications/precautions of ROM exercises?

A

motion is disruptive to healing process

ex: post -op patients

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6
Q

What are benefits of a CPM machine?

A

prevent adhesions/contractures, decrease pain, assist healing for collagen formation (tendons, ligaments, incisions)

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7
Q

What are general guidelines for CPM?

A

immediate application

gradual increase in ROM 5-15 degrees a day

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8
Q

What is flexibility?

A

ability to move joint through unrestricted pain free ROM

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9
Q

What is dynamic flexibility?

A

amount of motion due to muscle contraction

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10
Q

What is passive flexibility?

A

amount of motion as a result of PROM

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11
Q

What is a myostatic contracture?

A

adaptive shortening of musculotendinous unit without muscle pathology

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12
Q

What is a pseudomyostatic contracture?

A

apparent contracture from constant contraction or hypertonicity (CVA, TBI, SCI)

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13
Q

What is a arthrogenic contracture?

A

intra articular pathology (mechanical block)

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14
Q

What is a fibrotic contracture?

A

prolonged immobilization causes irreversible contracture

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15
Q

What are interventions to increase mobility?

A
  1. manual/ mechanical stretching
  2. self stretching
  3. PNF techniques
  4. muscle energy- voluntary contractions against resistance
  5. joint mob/ manip
  6. soft tissue mob
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16
Q

What is elasticity?

A

ability of a soft tissue to return to pre stretch resting length

17
Q

What is viscoelasticity?

A

soft tissues initially resists deformation, sustained force over time change in length occurs

low and long duration

18
Q

What is plasticity?

A

soft tissue assumes new and increased length following a stretch

19
Q

What are contractile tissues of a muscle?

A

muscle fibers, myofibrils, sarcomeres, actin and myosin filaments

20
Q

What is mechanical response to a stretch of contractile units?

A

mechanical disruption of cross bridges and sarcomeres length

21
Q

What is response to immobilization of contractile tissue?

A

morphological changes, atrophy occurs in less than 1 week

22
Q

What are two types of neurophysiological properties of muscle?

A
  1. muscle spindle

2. Golgi tendon organ

23
Q

What is a muscle spindle?

A

receive/convey information about changes in length and velocity
have afferent sensory fibers and efferent motor fiber endings

24
Q

What is a GTO?

A

musculotendinous junctions of extrafusal fibers

monitors change in tension

25
Q

What is connective tissue composed of?

A

collagen- strength and stiffness

elastin- extensiblity

reticulin fibers- provide bulk

ground substance- proteoglycans and glycoproteins

26
Q

What is the stress vs strain graph?

A

consists of regions that your muscle experience during a stretch

27
Q

What is toe region?

A

very beginning of stage where there is no load on tissue

28
Q

What is elastic range- linear phase?

A

beginning to stretch but not long enough for change grade 1 mob

29
Q

What is elastic limit-yield point?

A

the point where a change in muscle tissue will begin grade 2 mob

30
Q

What is plastic range?

A

area where actual change in length will occur, grade 3-4 mob

31
Q

What is failure?

A

tear in muscle

32
Q

How long should we hold a stretch to see change?

A

30 seconds in plastic region, you will see diminishing returns with prolonged stretching

33
Q

What are important procedural guidelines for stretching?

A

make sure it is muscle length that is causing the problem, prepare tissue for stretching by warming up

after stretching complete AROM and strength in new ROM

MS Test 1 : Concepts (6 decks)

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